Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-dnltx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-15T05:52:23.629Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

DROUGHT AND RANGELAND GRASSHOPPER SPECIES DIVERSITY

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

W.P. Kemp  and
M.M. Cigliano
W.P. Kemp
Affiliation:
USDA/ARS, Rangeland Insect Laboratory, Bozeman, Montana, USA 59717-0366
M.M. Cigliano
Affiliation:
USDA/ARS, Rangeland Insect Laboratory, Bozeman, Montana, USA 59717-0366
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Rangeland grasshopper species richness was monitored at 10 sites in Montana, U.S.A., during 1986 through 1992, which included an extreme drought year (1988). We observed significant post-1988 drought reductions in rangeland grasshopper species richness in the eastern and south-central region of Montana where drought intensity has been increasing during the past 20 years. In the north-central region, which also experienced the 1988 drought but showed no long-term drought trend, we did not observe a post-drought reduction in overall rangeland grasshopper species richness. Thus, in terms of rangeland grasshopper species richness, the potential impact of a severe drought in a given year may depend on the timing of such an event within longer-term climatic cycles. Our findings suggest that as regional drought intensity increases temporally, there may be an increased likelihood that a single extreme drought year will not only have a profound impact on abundance but may also result in significant long-term reduction of grasshopper species richness. Our results support the hypothesis that resource limitation is a very important factor in structuring rangeland grasshopper communities in space and time.

Résumé

La richesse en espèces de criquets dans les zones de pâturage a été évaluée à 10 endroits dans le Montana, É.-U, de 1986 à 1992, intervalle qui recouvre une année d’extrême sécheresse (1988). Nous avons observé des réductions importantes de la richesse en espèces de criquets après la sécheresse de 1988 dans les zones de pâturage de l’est et du centre sud du Montana où l’intensité de la sécheresse a subi une augmentation au cours des 20 dernières années. Dans le centre nord, qui a également subi la sécheresse de 1988, mais où il ne s’est pas produit d’augmentation à long terme de l’intensité de la sécheresse, il n’y a pas eu de réduction particulière de la richesse en espèces après la sécheresse de 1988. Il semble donc que l’impact d’une sécheresse ponctuelle intense sur la richesse en espèces de criquets dans les zones de pâturage soit tributaire du cycle du climat où elle se situe. Nos résultats indiquent qu’une augmentation graduelle de l’intensité de la sécheresse dans une zone donnée peut non seulement faire augmenter la probabilité qu’une année de sécheresse extrême ait un impact important sur l’abondance, mais peut également faire en sorte que cette année de sécheresse entraîne une réduction à long terme de la richesse en espèces de criquets. Nos résultats corroborent l’hypothèse selon laquelle la restriction des ressources constitue un facteur important d’organisation spatiale et temporelle des communautés de criquets dans les zones de pâturage.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 126 , Issue 4 , August 1994 , pp. 1075 - 1092
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andrewartha, H.G., and Birch, L.C.. 1954. The Distribution and Abundance of Animals. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL. 782 pp.Google Scholar
Axelrod, D.I. 1985. Rise of the grassland biome, central North America. The Botanical Review 51: 163–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernays, E.A. 1990. Water regulation. pp. 129–142 in Chapman, R.F., and Joern, A. (Eds.), Biology of Grasshoppers. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, NY. 563 pp.Google Scholar
Brown, J.H. 1988. Species diversity. pp. 57–89 in Myers, A.A., and Giller, P.S. (Eds.), Analytical Biogeography: An Integrated Approach to the Study of Animal and Plant Distributions. Chapman and Hall, New York, NY. 578 pp.Google Scholar
Brown, J.H., and Gibson, A.C.. 1983. Biogeography. The C.V. Mosby Co., St. Louis, MO. 543 pp.Google Scholar
Capinera, J.L. 1987. Population ecology of rangeland grasshoppers. pp. 162–182 in Capinera, J.L. (Ed.), Integrated Pest Management of Rangeland: A Shortgrass Prairie Perspective. Westview Press, Boulder, CO. 426 pp.Google Scholar
Capinera, J.L., and Horton, D.R.. 1989. Geographic variation in effects of weather on grasshopper infestation. Environmental Entomology 18: 8–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capinera, J.L., and Sechrist, T.S.. 1982. Grasshoppers (Acrididae) of Colorado: Identification, Biology and Management. Colorado State University Agriculture Experimental Station Bulletin 584S: 161 pp.Google Scholar
Chapman, R.F., and Joern, A.. 1990. Biology of Grasshoppers. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, NY. 563 pp.Google Scholar
Chappell, M.A., and Whitman, D.W.. 1990. Grasshopper thermoregulation. pp. 143–172 in Chapman, R.F., and Joern, A. (Eds.), Biology of Grasshoppers. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, NY. 563 pp.Google Scholar
Connell, J.H. 1978. Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Science 199: 1302–1310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cooperrider, A. 1991. Conservation of biodiversity on western rangelands. pp. 40–53 in Hudson, W.E. (Ed.), Landscape Linkages and Biodiversity. Island Press, Washington, DC. 196 pp.Google Scholar
Daubenmire, R. 1978. Plant Geography: With Special Reference to North America. Academic Press, New York, NY. 338 pp.Google Scholar
Dempster, J.P. 1963. The population dynamics of grasshoppers and locusts. Biological Review 38: 490–529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doesken, N.J., Kleist, J.D., and McKee, T.B.. 1983. Use of the Palmer Index and Other Water Supply Indexes for Drought Monitoring in Colorado. Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Climatology Report 83–3: 71 pp.Google Scholar
Edwards, R.L. 1960. Relationship between grasshopper abundance and weather conditions in Saskatchewan, 1930–1958. The Canadian Entomologist 92: 619–624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, E.W. 1988. Grasshopper (Insecta: Orthoptera: Acrididae) assemblages of tallgrass prairie: Influence of fire frequency, topography, and vegetation. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66: 1495–1501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, E.W. 1992. Absence of interspecific competition among tallgrass prairie grasshoppers during a drought. Ecology 73: 1038–1044.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, E.W., Rogers, R.A., and Opfermann, D.J.. 1983. Sampling grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) on burned and unburned tallgrass prairie: Night trapping vs sweeping. Environmental Entomology 12: 1449–1454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fielding, D.J., and Brusven, M.A.. 1990. Historical analysis of grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) population responses to climate in southern Idaho, 1950–1980. Environmental Entomology 19: 1786–1791.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fielding, D.J., and Brusven, M.A.. 1992. Food and habitat preferences of Melanoplus sanguinipes and Aulocara elliotti (Orthoptera: Acrididae) on disturbed rangeland in southern Idaho. Journal of Economic Entomology 85: 783–788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer, A.G. 1960. Latitudinal variation in organic diversity. Evolution 14: 64–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gage, S.H., and Mukerji, M.K.. 1977. A perspective of grasshopper population distribution in Saskatchewan and interrelationship with weather. Environmental Entomology 6: 469–479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haferkamp, M.R., Volesky, J.D., Borman, M.M., Heitschmidt, R.K., and Currie, P.O.. 1993. Effects of mechanical treatments and climatic factors on Northern Great Plains rangelands. Journal of Range Management 46: 346–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hewitt, G.B., and Onsager, J.A.. 1982. A method for forecasting potential losses from grasshopper feeding on northern mixed prairie forages. Journal of Range Management 35: 53–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hubbell, S.P. 1979. Tree dispersion, abundance and diversity in a dry tropical forest. Science 203: 1299–1309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hubbell, S.P. 1980. Seed predation and coexistence of tree species in tropical forests. Oikos 35: 214–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joern, A. 1979. Resource utilization and community structure in assemblages of arid rangeland grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 105: 253–300.Google Scholar
Joern, A. 1982. Vegetation structure and microhabitat selection in grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Southwestern Naturalist 27: 197–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joern, A. 1983. Host plant utilization by grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from a sandhills grassland. Journal of Range Management 36: 793–797.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joern, A. 1985. Grasshopper dietary (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from a Nebraska sand prairie. Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences 13: 21–32.Google Scholar
Joern, A., and Gaines, S.B.. 1990. Population dynamics and regulation in grasshoppers. pp. 415–482 in Chapman, R.F., and Joern, A. (Eds.), Biology of Grasshoppers. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, NY. 563 pp.Google Scholar
Joern, A., and Klucas, G.. 1993. Intra- and interspecific competition in adults of two abundant grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from a sandhills grassland. Environmental Entomology 22: 352–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joern, A., and Pruess, K.P.. 1986. Temporal constancy in grasshopper assemblies (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Ecological Entomology 11: 379–385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemp, W.P. 1986. Thermoregulation in three rangeland grasshopper species. The Canadian Entomologist 118: 335–343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemp, W.P. 1987 a. Probability of outbreak for rangeland grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Montana: Application of Markovian principles. Journal of Economic Entomology 80: 1100–1105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemp, W.P. 1987 b. Predictive phenology modeling in rangeland pest management. pp. 351–386 in Capinera, J.L. (Ed.), Integrated Pest Management on Rangeland: A Shortgrass Prairie Perspective. Westview Press, Boulder, CO. 426 pp.Google Scholar
Kemp, W.P. 1992 a. Temporal variation in rangeland grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) communities in the steppe region of Montana, USA. The Canadian Entomologist 124: 437–450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemp, W.P. 1992 b. Rangeland grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) community structure: A working hypothesis. Environmental Entomology 21: 461–470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemp, W.P., and Dennis, B.. 1991. Toward a general model of rangeland grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) phenology in the steppe region of Montana. Environmental Entomology 20: 1504–1515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemp, W.P., Harvey, S.J., and O'Neill, K.M.. 1990 a. Patterns of vegetation and grasshopper community composition. Oecologia 83: 299–308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kemp, W.P., Harvey, S.J., and O'Neill, K.M.. 1990 b. Habitat and insect biology revisited. American Entomologist 36: 44–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lockwood, J.A., and Lockwood, D.R.. 1991. Rangeland grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) population dynamics: Insights from catastrophe theory. Environmental Entomology 20: 970–980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lubchenco, J. 1986. Relative importance of competition and predation: Early colonization by seaweeds in New England. pp. 537–555 in Diamond, J., and Case, T.J. (Eds.), Community Ecology. Harper and Row, New York, NY. 665 pp.Google Scholar
MacCarthy, H.R. 1956. A ten-year study of the climatology of Melanoplus mexicanus mexicanus (Sauss.) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Science 36: 455–462.Google Scholar
Marshall, L.G. 1988. Extinction. pp. 219–250 in Myers, A.A., and Giller, P.S. (Eds.), Analytical Biogeography. Chapman and Hall, London, New York, NY. 578 pp.Google Scholar
May, R.M. 1975. Patterns of species abundance and diversity. pp. 81–120 in Cody, M.L., and Diamond, J.M. (Eds.), Ecology and Evolution of Communities. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. 545 pp.Google Scholar
Mukerji, M.K., and Gage, S.H.. 1978. A model for estimating hatch and mortality of grasshopper egg populations based on soil moisture and heat, Annals of the Entomological Society of America 71: 183–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mulkern, G.B., Pruess, K.P., Knutson, H., Hagen, A.F., Campbell, J.B., and Lambley, J.D.. 1969. Food Habits and Preferences of Grassland Grasshoppers of the North Central Great Plains. North Dakota Agriculture Experiment Station Bulletin 481: 32 pp.Google Scholar
Nerney, N.J. 1958. Grasshopper infestations in relationship to range condition. Journal of Range Management 11: 247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nerney, N.J. 1960. Grasshopper damage on shortgrass rangeland of the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, Arizona. Journal of Economic Entomology 53: 640–646.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nerney, N.J. 1961. Effects of seasonal rainfall on range condition and grasshopper population, San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, Arizona. Journal of Economic Entomology 54: 382–385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nerney, N.J., and Hamilton, A.G.. 1969. Effects of rainfall on range forage and populations of grasshoppers, San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, Arizona. Journal of Economic Entomology 62: 329–333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Onsager, J.A. 1983. Relationships between survival rate, density, population trends, and forage destruction of instars of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Environmental Entomology 12: 1099–1102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otte, D., and Joern, A.. 1977. On feeding patterns in desert grasshoppers and the evolution of specialized diets. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 128: 89–126.Google Scholar
Palmer, W.C. 1965. Meteorological Drought. United States Department of Commerce, Washington, Research Paper 45: 58 pp.Google Scholar
Parker, J.R. 1930. Some Effects of Temperature and Moisture upon Melanoplus mexicanus mexicanus Sassure and Camnula pellucida Scudder (Orthoptera). University of Montana, Bozeman, MT, Agriculture Experiment Station Bulletin 223: 132. pp.Google Scholar
Pfadt, R.E. 1982. Density and diversity of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in an outbreak of Arizona rangeland. Environmental Entomology 11: 690–694.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putman, P.J. 1984. The geography of animal communities. pp. 163–190 in Taylor, T.A. (Ed.), Biogeography. Recent Advances and Future Directions. Barnes and Noble Books, New York, NY. 404. pp.Google Scholar
Quinn, M.A., Kepner, R.L., Walgenbach, D.D., Bohls, R.A., and Pooler, P.D.. 1991. Habitat characteristics and grasshopper community dynamics on mixed grass rangeland. The Canadian Entomologist 123: 89–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Risser, P.G. 1988. Diversity in and among grasslands. pp. 176–180 in Wilson, E.O. (Ed.), Biodiversity. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. 521 pp.Google Scholar
Ritchie, M.E., and Tilman, D.. 1992. Interspecific competition among grasshoppers and their effect on plant abundance in experimental field environments. Oecologia 89: 524–532.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ross, R.L., and Hunter, H.E.. 1976. Climax Vegetation of Montana: Based on Soils and Climate. United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service Miscellaneous Report. 64 pp.Google Scholar
Salt, R.W. 1952. Some aspects of moisture absorption and loss in eggs of Melanoplus bivittatus Say. Canadian Journal of Zoology 30: 55–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS Institute Inc. 1988. SAS/STAT User's Guide, Release 6.03 Edition. Cary, NC. 1028 pp.Google Scholar
Scharff, D.K. 1954. The role of food plants and weather in the ecology of Melanoplus mexicanus mexicanus (Sauss.). Journal of Economic Entomology 47: 485–489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanley, S.M. 1984. Marine mass extinctions: A dominant role for temperature. pp. 69–117 in Nitecki, M.H. (Ed.), Extinction. University Chicago Press, Chicago, IL. 354 pp.Google Scholar
Tilman, D., and El Haddi, A.. 1992. Drought and biodiversity in grasslands. Oecologia 89: 257–264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uvarov, B. 1966. Grasshoppers and Locusts: A Handbook of General Acridology. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 481 pp.Google Scholar
Uvarov, B. 1977. Grasshoppers and Locusts: A Handbook of General Acridology. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 613 pp.Google Scholar