Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c47g7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-17T18:05:16.202Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

TRIANGULATING TECHNOLOGY DIFFUSION INDICATORS: ZERO TILLAGE WHEAT IN SOUTH ASIA'S IRRIGATED PLAINS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2010

OLAF ERENSTEIN
OLAF ERENSTEIN*
Affiliation:
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), CG Block, NASC Complex, Todapur Road, Pusa, New Delhi-110012, India
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Impact assessment hinges on reliable indicators of technology uptake, but this poses particular challenges for new agronomic practices in emerging economies. This paper presents a triangulation approach to assess technology diffusion and illustrates it by assessing the extent and dynamics of zero tillage wheat in South Asia's rice-wheat systems. Various diffusion indicators from three different data methods (secondary data, supply-side surveys, demand-side surveys) are contrasted for two different locations (India's Haryana State and Pakistan's Punjab province) for the period 2000–2004. Such multi-indicator, multi-site and multi-year triangulation enhances the robustness of the inferences and provides the necessary perspective. The three sources coincide in terms of diffusion of zero tillage wheat having increased since 2000, but in particular the empirical surveys show a much slower uptake and subsequent stagnation in the Pakistan Punjab study area. The paper thereby reiterates the need for empirical ground truthing of technology uptake and the need for robust and complementary diffusion indicators.

Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 46 , Issue 3 , July 2010 , pp. 293 - 308
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ahmad, M. D., Turral, H., Masih, I., Giordano, M. and Masood, Z. (2007). Water saving technologies: Myths and realities revealed in Pakistan's rice-wheat systems. IWMI Research Report 108. Colombo, Sri Lanka: IWMI.Google Scholar
Aslam, M. (1998). Improved water management practices for the rice-wheat cropping systems in Sindh Province, Pakistan. Report R70.1A. Lahore, Pakistan: IWMI.Google Scholar
Bakhsh, K., Hassan, I. and Maqbool, A. (2005). Impact assessment of zero-tillage technology in rice-wheat system: A case study from Pakistani Punjab. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry 4:1132–1137.Google Scholar
Bryman, A. (2009). Triangulation. Available online at http://www.referenceworld.com/sage/socialscience/samples.html [accessed 22 February 2010].Google Scholar
Byerlee, D., Sheikh, A. D., Aslam, M. and Hobbs, P. R. (1984). Wheat in the rice-based farming system of the Punjab: Implications for research and extension. NARC/CIMMYT Reports Series No. 4. Islamabad: NARC/CIMMYT.Google Scholar
CIMMYT (1993). The Adoption of Agricultural Technology: A Guide for Survey Design. Economics Program. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT.Google Scholar
Denzin, N. K. (2009). The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods. Chicago: Aldine Transaction.Google Scholar
Erenstein, O. (2009). Zero tillage in the rice-wheat systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains: A review of impacts and sustainability implications. Discussion paper 916. Washington, DC: IFPRI.Google Scholar
Erenstein, O. (2010). Village surveys for technology uptake monitoring: Case of tillage dynamics in the Trans-Gangetic Plains. Experimental Agriculture doi:10.1017/S0014479710000049.Google Scholar
Erenstein, O. and Farooq, U. (2009). A survey of factors associated with the adoption of zero tillage wheat in the irrigated plains of South Asia. Experimental Agriculture 45:133–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erenstein, O., Farooq, U., Malik, R. K. and Sharif, M. (2007a). Adoption and impacts of zero tillage as a resource conserving technology in the irrigated plains of South Asia. Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture – Research Report 19. Colombo, Sri Lanka: IWMI.Google Scholar
Erenstein, O., Farooq, U., Malik, R. K. and Sharif, M. (2008). On-farm impacts of zero tillage wheat in South Asia's rice-wheat systems. Field Crops Research 105:240–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erenstein, O. and Laxmi, V. (2008). Zero tillage impacts in India's rice-wheat systems: A review. Soil and Tillage Research 100:1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erenstein, O., Malik, R. K. and Singh, S. (2007b). Adoption and impacts of zero tillage in the irrigated rice-wheat systems of Haryana, India. Research Report. New Delhi, India: CIMMYT and RWC.Google Scholar
Erenstein, O. and Thorpe, W. (2009). Crop-livestock interactions along agro-ecological gradients: A meso-level analysis in the Indo-Gangetic Plains, India. Environment, Development and Sustainability doi: 10.1007/s10668-009-9218-z.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farooq, U., Sharif, M. and Erenstein, O. (2007). Adoption and impacts of zero tillage in the rice-wheat zone of irrigated Punjab, Pakistan. Research Report. New Delhi, India: CIMMYT and RWC.Google Scholar
Flick, U. (2008). Managing Quality in Qualitative Research. Volume 8, The Sage Qualitative Research Kit. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Fujisaka, S., Harrington, L. and Hobbs, P. R. (1994). Rice-wheat in South Asia: systems and long-term priorities established through diagnostic research. Agricultural Systems 46:169–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jamal, T. N., Akhtar, M. R. and Aune, J. B. (2007). Assessment of conservation agriculture from an agronomic, economic and social perspective in Punjab, Pakistan. In Institutional and Technological Interventions for Better Irrigation Management in the New Millennium: Proceedings of the INPIM's 9th International Seminar, 4–8 December 2006, Lahore, Pakistan, 220–231.Google Scholar
Malik, R. K., Gupta, R. K., Yadav, A., Sardana, P. K. and Singh, C. M. (2005). Zero tillage – The voice of farmers. Technical Bulletin No.9. Hisar, India: Directorate of Extension Education, CCS Haryana Agricultural University.Google Scholar
Mathison, S. (1988). Why triangulate? Educational Researcher 17:13–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortiz-Monasterio, J. I. and Lobell, D. B. (2007). Remote sensing assessment of regional yield losses due to sub-optimal planting dates and fallow period weed management. Field Crops Research 101:80–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pal, S., Jha, A. K., Goel, R. and Gulia, P. K. (2003). Ploughing Against Traditional Wisdom: Impact of resource conservation technologies for the rice-wheat system. New Delhi, India: National Centre for Agricultural Economics and Policy Research.Google Scholar
Peersman, G., Komatsu, R., Pervilhac, C. and Garcia-Calleja, J. M. (2008). HIV Triangulation Resource Guide: Synthesis of Results from Multiple Data Sources for Evaluation and Decision-making. Geneva: GFATM, WHO, UNAIDS.Google Scholar
Punia, S. S., Malik, R. K., Yadav, A., Singh, S. and Nehra, A. S. (2002). Acceleration of zero tillage technology in Haryana. In Herbicide Resistance Management and Zero Tillage in Rice-wheat Cropping System, 146–148 (Eds Malik, R. K., Balyan, R. S., Yadav, A. and Pahwa, S. K.). Hisar, India: CCSHAU.Google Scholar
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
RWC (2004). Highlights 2003–2004. New Delhi, India: Rice-Wheat Consortium for the Indo Gangetic Plains.Google Scholar
Sarwar, M. N. and Goheer, M. A. (2007). Adoption and impact of zero tillage technology for wheat in rice-wheat system – water and cost saving technology. A case study from Pakistan (Punjab). Paper presented at the International Forum on Water Environmental Governance in Asia, 14–15 March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand. Tokyo: Water Environment Partnership in Asia (WEPA).Google Scholar
Singh, N. P. (2008). Adoption and Impact of Resource Conserving Technologies on Farm Economy in Indo-Gangetic Plains, India. New Delhi: IARI.Google Scholar
UCSF GHS (2009). Triangulation. Available online at http://globalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu/PPHG/triangulation [Accessed 22 February 2010].Google Scholar
Webb, E. J., Campbell, D. T., Schwartz, R. D. and Sechrest, L. (1966). Unobtrusive Measures: Nonreactive Measures in the Social Sciences. Chicago: Rand McNally.Google Scholar