Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-mp689 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T05:46:59.477Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Investigation of the stable interaction of a passive compliant surface with a turbulent boundary layer

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2006

T. Lee ,
M. Fisher  and
W. H. Schwarz
T. Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
M. Fisher
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
W. H. Schwarz
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The near-wall flow structure of a zero-pressure-gradient flat-plate turbulent boundary layer with a single-layer viscoelastic compliant surface was visualized using the hydrogen-bubble technique. The compliant materials were made by mixing silicone elastomer with silicone oil. The flow-visualization experiments indicated low-speed wall streaks with increased spanwise spacing and elongated spatial coherence compared to those obtained on a rigid surface. More interestingly, an intermittent relaminarization-like phenomenon was observed at low Reynolds numbers for the particular compliant surface investigated. Apparently, the observed changes in the near-wall flow structure over the compliant surface are caused by the stable interaction between the compliant surface and the turbulent flow-field. Optical holographic interferometry and laser Doppler velocimetry were also employed to obtain the basic parameters of the turbulent boundary layers and the flow-induced compliant-surface displacements to better understand the physics of the interaction between a turbulent boundary layer and a passive compliant surface.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 257 , December 1993 , pp. 373 - 401
Copyright
© 1993 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Achia, B. U. & Thompson, D. W. 1976 Structures of the turbulent boundary in drag-reducing pipe flows. J. Fluid Mech. 81, 439–464.Google Scholar
Blackwelder, R. F. & Haritonidis, J. H. 1979 Streamwise vortices associated with the bursting phenomenon. J. Fluid Mech. 94, 577–594.Google Scholar
Buck, F. B. & Walters, R. R. 1968 Turbulent boundary-layer characteristics of compliant surfaces. J. Aircraft 5, 11–16.Google Scholar
Buchhave, P., George, W. K. & Lumley, J. L. 1979 The measurement of turbulence with the laser-Doppler anemometer. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 11, 443–503.Google Scholar
Budwig, R. & Peattie, R. 1989 Two new circuits for hydrogen bubble flow visualization. J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum. 22, 250–254.Google Scholar
Bushnell, D. M., Hefner, J. N. & Ash, R. L. 1977 Effect of compliant wall motion on turbulent boundary layer. Phys. Fluids 20, S31–S48.Google Scholar
Carpenter, P. W. 1990 Status of transition delay using compliant walls. In Viscous Drag Reduction in Boundary Layers. Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, vol. 123 (ed. Bushnell, D. M. and Hefner, J. N.), pp. 79–113. AIAA.
Carpenter, P. W. & Garrad, A. D. 1985 The hydrodynamic stability of flow over Kramer-type compliant surfaces. Part 1. Tollmien-Schlichting instabilities. J. Fluid Mech. 155, 46.Google Scholar
Carpenter, P. W. & Garrad, A. D. 1986 The hydrodynamic stability of flow over Kramer-type compliant surfaces. Part 2. Flow-induced surface instabilities. J. Fluid Mech. 170, 199.Google Scholar
Clauser, F. H. 1956 The turbulent boundary layer. Adv. Appl. Mech. 4, 1–51.Google Scholar
Coles, D. 1962 A manual of experimental boundary-layer practice for low-speed flow. Rand R-304-PR, Appendix A.
Corino, E. R. & Brodkey, R. S. 1969 A visual study of the wall region in turbulent flow. J. Fluid Mech. 37, 1–37.Google Scholar
Donohue, G. L., Tiederman, W. G. & Reischman, M. M. 1972 Flow visualization of the near-wall region in a drag-reducing channel flow., J. Fluid Mech. 56, 559–575.Google Scholar
Duncan, J. H. 1986 The response of an incompressible, viscoelastic coating to pressure fluctuations in a turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 171, 339–363.Google Scholar
Duncan, J. H., Waxman, A. M. & Tulin, M. P. 1985 The dynamics of waves at the interface between a viscoelastic coating and a fluid flow. J. Fluid Mech. 158, 177–197.Google Scholar
Erm, L. P. & Joubert, P. N. 1991 Low-Reynolds-number turbulent boundary layers. J. Fluid Mech. 230, 1–44.Google Scholar
Gad-el-Hak, M. 1986a Boundary layer interactions with a compliant coating: An overview. Appl. Mech. Rev. 39, 511–523.Google Scholar
Gad-el-Hak, M. 1986b The response of elastic and viscoelastic surfaces to a turbulent boundary layer. Trans. ASME E: J. Appl. Mech. 53, 206–212.Google Scholar
Gad-el-Hak, M. 1987 Compliant coatings research: A guide to the experimentalist. J. Fluids Struct. 1, 55–70.Google Scholar
Gad-el-Hak, M., Blackwelder, R. F & Riley, J. J. 1984 On the interaction of compliant coatings with boundary-layer flows. J. Fluid Mech. 140, 257–280.Google Scholar
Granville, P. S. 1977 Drag and turbulent boundary layer of flat plates at low Reynolds numbers. J. Ship Res. 21, 1.Google Scholar
Grass, A. J. 1971 Structural features of turbulent flow over smooth and rough boundaries. J. Fluid Mech. 50, 233–255.Google Scholar
Gupta, A. K., Laufer, J. & Kaplan, R. E. 1971 Spatial structure in the viscous sublayer. J. Fluid Mech. 50, 493–512.Google Scholar
Hansen, R. J. & Hunston, D. L. 1974 An experimental study of turbulent flows over compliant surfaces. J. Sound Vib. 34, 297–308.Google Scholar
Hansen, R. J. & Hunston, D. L. 1983 Fluid-property effects on flow-generated waves on a compliant surface. J. Fluid Mech. 133, 161–177.Google Scholar
Hansen, R. J., Hunston, D. L. & Ni, C. C. 1980 An experimental study of flow-generated waves on a flexible surface. J. Sound Vib. 68, 317–334.Google Scholar
Hess, D. E. 1990 An experimental investigation of a compliant surface beneath a turbulent boundary layer. PhD dissertation, The Johns Hopkins University.
Hess, D. E., Peattie, R. A. & Schwarz, W. H. 1993 A non-invasive method for the measurement of flow-induced surface displacement of a compliant surface. Exp. Fluids 14, 78–84.Google Scholar
Johnson, P. L. & Barlow, R. S. 1989 Effect of measuring volume length on two-component laser velocimeter measurements in a turbulent boundary layer. Exp. Fluids 8, 137–144.Google Scholar
Kim, H. T., Kline, S. J. & Reynolds, W. C. 1971 The production of turbulence near a smooth wall in a turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 50, 133–160.Google Scholar
Klebanoff, P. S. 1953 Characteristics of turbulence in a boundary layer with zero pressure gradient. NBS Rep. 2454.
Kline, S. J., Reynolds, W. C., Schraub, F. A. & Rundstadler, P. W. 1967 The structure of turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 30, 741–773.Google Scholar
Kramer, M. O. 1957 Boundary layer stabilization by distribution damping. J. Aero. Sci. 41, 259–281.Google Scholar
Lee, M. K., Eckelmann, L. D. & Hanratty, T. J. 1974 Identification of turbulent wall eddies through the phase relation of the components of the fluctuating velocity gradient. J. Fluid Mech. 66, 17–33.Google Scholar
Lee, T., Fisher, M. & Schwarz, W. H. 1993 The measurement of flow-induced surface displacement on a compliant surface by optical holographic interferometry. Exp. Fluids 14, 159–168.Google Scholar
Lu, L. J. & Smith, C. R. 1991 Use of flow visualization data to examine spatial-temporal velocity and burst-type characteristic in a turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 232, 303–340.Google Scholar
McMichael, J. M., Klebanoff, P. S. & Mease, N. 1979 Experimental investigation of drag on a compliant surface. In Viscous Flow Drag Reduction (ed. G. R. Hough), AIAA Astro. Aero., vol. 72, pp. 410–438.
Murlis, J., Tsai, H. M. & Bradshaw, P. 1982 The structure of turbulent boundary layers at low Reynolds numbers. J. Fluid Mech. 122, 13–56.Google Scholar
Nakagawa, H. & Nezu, I. 1981 Structure of space-time correlations of bursting phenomena in a open-channel flow. J. Fluid Mech. 104, 1–43.Google Scholar
Narasimha, R. & Sreenivasan, K. R. 1979 Relaminarization of fluid flows. Adv. Appl. Mech. 19, 221–309.Google Scholar
Oldaker, D. K. & Tiederman, W. G. 1977 Spatial structure of the viscous sublayer in drag-reducing channel flows. Phys. Fluids 220, S133.Google Scholar
Preston, J. H. 1958 The minimum Reynolds number for a turbulent boundary layer and the selection of transition device. J. Fluid Mech. 3, 373–384.Google Scholar
Purtell, L. P., Klebanoff, P. S. & Buckley, F. T. 1981 Turbulent boundary layer at low Reynolds number Phys. Fluids 24, 802–811.Google Scholar
Riley, J. J., Gad-el-Hak, M. & Metcalf, R. W. 1988 Compliant coatings. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 20, 393–420.Google Scholar
Schraub, F. A., Kline, S. J., Henry, J., Runstadler, P. W. & Littell, A. 1965 Use of hydrogen bubbles for quantitative determination of time-dependent velocity fields in low-speed water flows. Trans. ASME D: J. Basic Engng, June, 429–444.Google Scholar
Smith, C. R. & Metzler, S. P. 1983 The characteristics of low-speed streaks in the near-wall region of a turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 129, 27–54.Google Scholar
Smits, A. J., Matheson, N. & Joubert, P. N. 1983 Low-Reynolds-number turbulent boundary layers in zero and favourable pressure gradient. J. Ship Res. 27, 147.Google Scholar
Tiederman, W. G., Luchik, T. S. & Bogard, D. G. 1985 Wall-layer structure and drag reduction. J. Fluid Mech. 156, 419–437.Google Scholar
Walker, D. T. & Tiederman, W. G. 1990 Turbulent structure in a channel flow with polymer injection at the wall. J. Fluid Mech. 218, 377–403.Google Scholar
Wei, T. & Willmarth, W. W. 1989 Reynolds-number effects on the structure of a turbulent channel flow. J. Fluid Mech. 204, 57–95.Google Scholar
Yeo, K. S. 1988 The stability of boundary-layer flow over single- and multi-layer viscoelastic walls. J. Fluid Mech. 196, 359.Google Scholar