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³⁸ The eight-employee limit has an ideological rationale: in Das Kafital (1867), Marx indicated that capitalist producers with more than eight employees were exploitative and surplus accumulating, while those with fewer than eight workers were nonexploitative household producing units.

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⁵³ Dickson (fn. 7).

⁵⁴ Author interview with anonymous entrepreneur, Liangfeng, Hebei, August 20,2002.

⁵⁵ SAIC, Private Economy Yearbook (2005).

⁵⁶ These consultations “took place over a period of perhaps two years.” Fewsmith, Joseph, “Rethinking the Role of the CCP: Explicating Jiang Zemin's Party Anniversary Speech,” China Leadership Monitor 1 (Winter 2002), 3Google Scholar.

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⁶⁰ Oi and Walder (fn. 45).

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⁶⁶ Author correspondence with anonymous government researcher, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, November 12,2006.

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