Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T07:49:27.191Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Morphologic and taxonomic history of Paleozoic ammonoids in time and morphospace

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2016

W. B. Saunders ,
Emily Greenfest-Allen ,
David M. Work  and
S. V. Nikolaeva
W. B. Saunders
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 19010. E-mail: wsaunder@brynmawr.edu
Emily Greenfest-Allen
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 19010. E-mail: egallen@brynmawr.edu
David M. Work
Affiliation:
Maine State Museum, Augusta, Maine 04333. E-mail: david.work@maine.gov
S. V. Nikolaeva
Affiliation:
Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia. E-mail: snikol@mtu-net.ru
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Principal components analysis (PCA) of 21 shell parameters (geometry, sculpture, aperture shape, and suture complexity) in 597 L. Devonian to L. Triassic ammonoid genera (spanning ~166 Myr) shows that eight basic morphotypes appeared within ~20 Myr of the first appearance of ammonoids. With one exception, these morphotypes persisted throughout the Paleozoic, occurring in ~75% of the ~5-Myr time bins used in this study. Morphotypes were not exclusive to particular lineages. Their persistence was not just a product of phylogenetic constraints or longevity, and multiple iterations of the same morphotypes occurred at different times and in different groups. Although mass extinction events severely condensed the range of morphologic variation and taxonomic diversity, the effects were short lived and most extinct morphotypes were usually iterated within 5 Myr. The most important effect of mass extinctions on ammonoid evolutionary history seems to have been their role in large scale taxonomic turnovers; they effectively eliminated previously dominant orders at the Frasnian/Famennian (F/F) (Agoniatitida), the Devonian/Mississippian (D/M) (Clymeniida), and the Permian/Triassic (P/T) (Goniatitida and Prolecanitida) extinctions. Survivors varied from two (P/T) to four (D/M) and five genera (F/F). These events generated sharp reductions in morphologic disparity at the D/M (58%) and at the P/T (59%), but there was a net increase at the F/F (38%). There was no obvious survival bias for particular morphotypes, but 64% are interpreted to have been Nautilus-like nektobenthic. The recurrence of particular combinations of morphology and their strong independence of phylogeny are strong arguments for functional constraint. Intervals between mass extinctions seem to have been relatively static in terms of morphotype numbers, in contrast to numbers of genera. Significant decreases in genus diversity (54%) and morphologic disparity (33%) commenced in the mid-Permian (Wordian/Capitanian boundary), well before the final P/T event.

Type
Articles
Information
Paleobiology , Volume 34 , Issue 1 , Winter 2008 , pp. 128 - 154
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Allen, E. G. 2006. New approaches to Fourier analysis of ammonoid sutures and other complex, open curves. Paleobiology 32:299–315.Google Scholar
Amler, M. R. W., and Gereke, M. 2002. Karbon-Korrelationstabelle (KKT)/Carboniferous Correlation Table (CCT). P. 691in Weddige, K. and Ziegler, W., eds. Advances on conodonts, Devonian and Carboniferous research. Senckenbergiana Lethaea. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Barber, C. B., Dobkin, D. P., and Huhdanpaa, H. T. 1996. The Quickhull algorithm for convex hulls. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software 22:469–483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bayer, U., and McGheem, G. R. Jr. 1984. Iterative evolution of Middle Jurassic ammonite faunas (Fossil-Lagerstätten Nr. 58). Lethaia 17:1–16.Google Scholar
Becker, R. T. 1993a. Analysis of ammonoid palaeobiogeography in relation to the global Hangenberg (terminal Devonian) and Lower Alum Shale (Middle Tournaisian) events. Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 115:459–473.Google Scholar
Becker, R. T. 1993b. Anoxia, eustatic changes, and Upper Devonian to lowermost Carboniferous global ammonoid diversity. Pp. 115–163in House, M. R., ed. The Ammonoidea: environment, ecology, and evolutionary change. Clarendon, Oxford.Google Scholar
Becker, R. T., and House, M. R. 2000. Devonian ammonoid zones and their correlation with established series and stage boundaries. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 220:113–151.Google Scholar
Becker, R. T., and Kullmann, J. 1996. Paleozoic ammonoids in space and time. Pp. 711–753in Landman, N. H., Tanabe, K., and Davis, R. A., eds. Ammonoid paleobiology. Plenum, New York.Google Scholar
Bogoslovskaya, M. F., Leonova, T. B., and Shkolin, A. A. 1995. The Carboniferous-Permian boundary and ammonoids from the Aidaralash section, southern Urals. Journal of Paleontology 69:288–301.Google Scholar
Bookstein, F. L., and Reyment, R. A. 1989. Microevolution in Miocene Brizalina (Foraminifera) studied by canonical variate analysis and analysis of landmarks. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 51:657–679.Google Scholar
Caplan, M. L., and Bustin, R. M. 1999. Devonian-Carboniferous Hangenberg mass extinction event, widespread organic-rich mudrock and anoxia: causes and consequences. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 148:187–207.Google Scholar
Ciampaglio, C. N., Kemp, M., and McShea, D. W. 2001. Detecting changes in morphospace occupation patterns in the fossil record: characterization and analysis of measures of disparity. Paleobiology 27:695–715.Google Scholar
Dillon, W. R., and Goldstein, M. 1984. Multivariate analysis: methods and applications. Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Dommergues, J.-L., Laurin, B., and Meister, C. 1996. Evolution of ammonoid morphospace during the early Jurassic radiation. Paleobiology 22:219–240.Google Scholar
Efron, B., and Tibshirani, R. 1986. Bootstrap methods for standard errors, confidence intervals, and other measures of statistical accuracy. Statistical Science 1:54–75.Google Scholar
Erwin, D. H. 2007. Disparity: morphological pattern and developmental context. Palaeontology 50:57–73.Google Scholar
Foote, M. 1992. Rarefaction analysis of morphological and taxonomic diversity. Paleobiology 18:1–16.Google Scholar
Foote, M. 1993. Discordance and concordance between morphological and taxonomic diversity. Paleobiology 19:185–204.Google Scholar
Foote, M. 1995. Morphological diversification of Paleozoic crinoids. Paleobiology 21:273–299.Google Scholar
Foote, M. 1997. The evolution of morphological diversity. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 28:129–152.Google Scholar
Foote, M. 1999. Morphological diversity in the evolution of Paleozoic and post-Paleozoic crinoids. Paleobiology 25:1–115.Google Scholar
Geary, D. H., Staley, A. W., Müller, P., and Magyar, I. 2002. Iterative changes in Lake Pannon Melanopsis reflect a recurrent theme in gastropod morphological evolution. Paleobiology 28:208–221.Google Scholar
Gottobrio, W. E., and Saunders, W. B. 2005. The clymeniid dilemma: functional implications of the dorsal siphuncle in clymeniid ammonoids. Paleobiology 31:233–252.Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. 1996. Full House: the spread of excellence from Plato to Darwin. Harmony Books, New York.Google Scholar
Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., and Smith, A. G. 2004. A geologic time scale 2004. Cambridge University Press, New York.Google Scholar
House, M. R. 1985. Correlation of mid-Paleozoic ammonoid evolutionary events with global sedimentary perturbations. Nature 313:17–22.Google Scholar
House, M. R. 1993. Fluctuations in ammonoid evolution and possible environmental controls. Pp. 13–34in House, M. R., ed. The Ammonoidea: environment, ecology, and evolutionary change. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
House, M. R. 2002. Strength, timing, setting and cause of mid-Paleozoic extinctions. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 181:5–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaiser, S. I., Steuber, T., Becker, T., and Joachimski, M. M. 2006. Geochemical evidence for major environmental change at the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in the Carnic Alps and the Rhenish Massif. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 240:146–160.Google Scholar
Knoll, A. H., Bambach, R. K., Canfield, D. E., and Grotzinger, J. P. 1996. Comparative earth history and Late Permian mass extinction. Science 273: 452–257.Google Scholar
Korn, D. 1986. Ammonoid evolution in the Late Famennian and Early Tournaisian. Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 109:49–54.Google Scholar
Korn, D. 1991. Three dimensionally preserved clymeniids from the Hangenberg Black Shale of Drewer (Cephalopoda, Ammonoidea; Devonian/Carboniferous boundary; Rhenish Massif). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte 9:553–563.Google Scholar
Korn, D. 2000. Morphospace occupation of ammonoids over the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 74:247–257.Google Scholar
Korn, D., and Klug, C. 2002. Ammoneae Devonicae. Fossilium Catalogue, Animalia I. Backhuys, Leiden.Google Scholar
Korn, D., and Klug, C. 2003. Morphological pathways in the evolution of Early and Middle Devonian ammonoids. Paleobiology 29:329–348.Google Scholar
Kullmann, J., and Nikolaeva, S. V. 1999. Ammonoid turnover at the Mid-Carboniferous boundary and the biostratigraphy of the early Upper Carboniferous. Pp. 169–194in Rozanov, A. Y. and Shevyrev, A. A., eds. Fossil cephalopods: recent advances in their study. Paleontologischeskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Moscow.Google Scholar
Kullmann, J., Kullmann, P. S., Korn, D., and Nikolaeva, S. V. 2005. GONIAT Version 3. 4, Paleozoic Ammonoid Database System (University of Tubingen).Google Scholar
Martin, L. D., and Meehan, T. J. 2005. Extinction may not be forever. Naturwissenschaften 92:1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGhee, G. R. Jr. 1988. The late Devonian extinction event: evidence for abrupt ecosystem collapse. Paleobiology 14:250–257.Google Scholar
McGhee, G. R. Jr. 1991. Theoretical morphology: the concept and its applications. In Gilinsky, N. L. and Signor, P. W., eds. Analytical paleontology. Short Courses in Paleontology 4:87–102. Paleontological Society, Knoxville, Tenn.Google Scholar
McGhee, G. R. Jr. 1999. Theoretical morphology: the concept and its applications. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
McGhee, G. R. Jr. 2007. The geometry of evolution: adaptive landscapes and theoretical morphospaces. Cambridge University Press, New York.Google Scholar
McGowan, A. J. 2004a. Ammonoid taxonomic and morphological recovery patterns after the Permian-Triassic. Geology 32:665–668.Google Scholar
McGowan, A. J. 2004b. The effect of the Permo-Triassic bottleneck on Triassic ammonoid morphological evolution. Paleobiology 30:369–395.Google Scholar
McGowan, A. J. 2007. Does shape matter? Morphological diversity and differential survivorship among Triassic ammonoid genera. Historical Biology 19:15–171.Google Scholar
McShea, D. W. 1991. Complexity and evolution: what everybody knows. Biology and Philosophy 6:303–324.Google Scholar
McShea, D. W. 1994. Mechanisms of large-scale evolutionary trends. Evolution 48:1747–1763.Google Scholar
Nikolaeva, S. V., and Bogoslovsky, B. I. 2005. Devonskie Ammonodei. IV. Klimeny. Akademiya Nauk SSR, Paleontologischeskogo Instituta, Trudy 287:1–220.Google Scholar
Nikolaeva, S. V., and Kullmann, J. 1998. A review of Middle Namurian ammonoid biostratigraphy. Newsletters on Stratigraphy 36:117–144.Google Scholar
Price, J. D., and House, M. R. 1984. Ammonoids near the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary. In Paproth, E. and Streel, M., eds. The Devonian-Carboniferous boundary. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 67:15–22.Google Scholar
Raup, D. M. 1966. Geometric analysis of shell coiling: general problems. Journal of Paleontology 40:1178–1190.Google Scholar
Raup, D. M. 1967. Geometric analysis of shell coiling: coiling in ammonoids. Journal of Paleontology 41:43–65.Google Scholar
Saunders, W. B. 1995. The ammonoid suture problem: relationships between shell- and septal-thickness and suture complexity in Paleozoic ammonoids. Paleobiology 21:343–355.Google Scholar
Saunders, W. B., and Ramsbottom, W. H. C. 1986. The mid-Carboniferous eustatic event. Geology 14:208–212.Google Scholar
Saunders, W. B., and Shapiro, E. A. 1986. Calculation and simulation of ammonoid hydrostatics. Paleobiology 12:64–79.Google Scholar
Saunders, W. B., and Swan, A. R. H. 1984. Morphology and morphological diversity of mid-Carboniferous (Namurian) ammonoids in time and space. Paleobiology 10:195–228.Google Scholar
Saunders, W. B., and Work, D. M. 1996. Shell morphology and suture complexity in Upper Carboniferous ammonoids. Paleobiology 22:189–218.Google Scholar
Saunders, W. B., and Work, D. M. 1997. Evolution of shell morphology and suture complexity in Paleozoic prolecanitids, the root-stock of Mesozoic ammonoids. Paleobiology 23:301–325.Google Scholar
Saunders, W. B., Work, D. M., and Nikolaeva, S. V. 1999. Evolution of complexity in Paleozoic ammonoid sutures. Science 286:760–763.Google Scholar
Saunders, W. B., Work, D. M., and Nikolaeva, S. V. 2004. The evolutionary history of shell geometry in Paleozoic ammonoids. Paleobiology 30:19–43.Google Scholar
Spinosa, C., Furnish, W. M., and Glenister, B. F. 1975. The Xenodicidae, Permian ceratitid ammonoids. Journal of Paleontology 49:239–283.Google Scholar
Stanley, S. M., and Yang, X. 1994. A double mass extinction at the end of the Paleozoic era. Science 266:1340–1344.Google Scholar
Swan, A. R. H. 1984. A revision of some Silesian goniatites using cluster analysis. . University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K.Google Scholar
Swan, A. R. H., and Saunders, W. B. 1987. Function and shape in Late Paleozoic (mid-Carboniferous) ammonoids. Paleobiology 13:297–311.Google Scholar
Tozer, E. T. 1994. Canadian Triassic ammonoid faunas. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 467:1–663.Google Scholar
Van Valen, L. 1974. Multivariate statistics in natural history. Journal of Theoretical Biology 45:235–247.Google Scholar
Villier, L., and Korn, D. 2004. Morphological disparity of ammonoids and the mark of Permian mass extinctions. Science 306:264–266.Google Scholar
Westermann, G. E. G. 1996. Ammonoid life and habit. Pp. 607–707in Landman, N. H., Tanabe, K., and Davis, R. A., eds. Ammonoid paleobiology. Plenum, New York.Google Scholar
Wills, M. A. 2001. Morphological disparity: a primer. Pp. 55–144in Adrain, J., Edgecombe, G. D., and Lieberman, B. S., eds. Fossils, phylogeny, and form. Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York.Google Scholar
Yin, H., Feng, Q., Lai, X., Baud, A., and Tong, J. 2007. The protracted Permo-Triassic crisis and multi-episode extinction around the Permian-Triassic boundary. Global and Planetary Change 555:1–20.Google Scholar
Zhou, Z., Glenister, B. F., Furnish, W. M., and Spinosa, C. 1999. Multi-episodal extinction and ecological differentiation of Permian ammonoids. Pp. 195–212in Rozanov, A. Y. and Shevyrev, A. A., eds. Fossil cephalopods: recent advances in their study. Paleontologischeskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Moscow.Google Scholar