Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-fqc5m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-27T14:38:02.980Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Why would we ever doubt that species are intelligent?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2011

Nicholas S. Thompson
Affiliation:
Departments of Biology and Psychology, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, Electronic mail: nthompson@clarku.bitnet

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Open Peer Commentary
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abruzzi, W. S. (1982) Ecological theory and ethnic differentiation among human populations. Current Anthropology 23(1): 1335. [GWS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, D. (1982) Life, the universe and everything. Harmony Books. [AS]Google Scholar
Alberch, P. (1982) Developmental constraints in evolutionary processes. In: Evolution and development, ed. Bonner, J. T.. Springer-Verlag. [aJS]Google Scholar
Anderson, J. A. (1986) Knowledge compilation. The general learning mechanism. In: Machine learning: An artificial intelligence approach, vol. 2, ed. Michalski, R. S., Carbonneil, J. G. & Mitchell, T. M.. Tioga Press. [DL]Google Scholar
Anderson, M. (1989) New ideas in intelligence. The Psychologist 3: 9294. [MJ]Google Scholar
Ashby, W. R. (1960) Design for a brain. John Wiley. [aJS]Google Scholar
Ayala, F. J. (1970) Teleological explanations in evolutionary biology. Philosophy of Science 37: 115. [AS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Axelrod, R. (1987) The evolution of strategies in the iterated prisoner’s dilemma. In: Genetic algorithms and simulated annealing, ed. Davis, L.. London. [BHS]Google Scholar
Baker, M. C. (1985) The biology of bird-song dialects. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8: 85134. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baldwin, J. M. (1896) A new factor in evolution. American Naturalist 30: 441–51. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, J., ed. (1984) The complete works of Aristotle, vol. 1 and vol 2. Princeton University Press. [AS]Google Scholar
Bateson, G. (1963) The role of somatic change in evolution. Evolution 17: 529–39. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1972a) Steps to an ecology of mind., Ballantine Books. [aJS]Google Scholar
(1972b) The logical categories of learning and communication. In: Steps to an ecology of mind. Ballantine Books. [aJS]Google Scholar
(1979) Mind and nature. E. P. Dutton. [aJS]Google Scholar
Bateson, G. & Bateson, M. C. (1987) Angels’ fear: Towards an epistemology of the sacred. Macmillan. [aJS]Google Scholar
Bell, G. (1982) The masterpiece of nature: The evolution and genetics of sexuality. University of California Press. [aJS, MTG]Google Scholar
Berlyne, D. E. (1971) Aesthetics and psychobiology. Appleton-Century-Crofts. [JDS]Google Scholar
Bertalanfly, L. (1968) General systems theory: Foundation, development and applications. G. Braziller. [rJS]Google Scholar
Bharucha, J. J. (1987) Music cognition and perceptual facilitation: A connectionist framework. Music Perception 5: 130. [JDS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickhard, M. H. (1988) Piaget on variation and selection models. Human Development 31: 274312. [DL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Block, N. (1978) Troubles with functionalism. In: Perception and Cognition, ed. Savage, C. Wade. University of Minnesot a Press. [KS]Google Scholar
(1981) Psychologism and behaviorism. Philosophical Review 90: 543. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bochm, C. (1978) Rational preselection from Hamadryas to Homo sapients: The place of decisions in adaptive process. American Anthropologist 80: 265–96. [GWS]Google Scholar
Boyd, R. & Richerson, P. J. (1985). Culture and evolutionary process. University of Chicago Press. [GWS]Google Scholar
Brady, R. M. (1985) Optimization strategies gleaned from biological evolution. Nature 317: 804–6. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braestrup, F. W. (1971) The evolutionary significance of learning. Vidensk abelige Meddelelser Fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjebenhaun 134: 89102. [aJS]Google Scholar
Brooks, D. R., & Wiley, E. O. (1988) Evolution as entropy: Toward a unified theory of biology. University of Chicago Press. [SNS]Google Scholar
Bunge, M. (1977) (Treatise of basic philosophy) The furniture of the world, vol. 3. D. Reidel. [PC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buss, L. W. (1987) The evolution of individuality. Princeton University Press. [FJO-S, SNS]Google Scholar
Butler, S. (1879) Evolution, old and new: Or the theories of Buffon, Dr. Erasmus Darwin, and Lamarck, as compared with that of Mr. Charles Darwin. Salem S. E. Cassino. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1920) Luck, or cunning as the main means of organic modification? 2d ed. Jonathan Cape. [aJS]Google Scholar
Campbell, D. T. (1974) Evolutionary epistemology. In: The philosophy of Karl R. Popper, ed. Schilpp, P. A.. Open Court. [aJS, KS]Google Scholar
Campbell, J. (1982) Grammatical man. Simon & Schuster. [AS]Google Scholar
Campbell, J. H. (1982) Autonomy in evolution. In: Perspectives on evolution, ed. Milkman, R.. Sinauer. [aJS]Google Scholar
(1985) An organizational interpretation of evolution. In: Evolution at a crossroads, ed. Depew, D. J. & Weber, B. H.. MIT Press. [FJO-S]Google Scholar
Caswell, H. (1983) Phenotypic plasticity in life-history traits: Demographic effects and evolutionary consequences. American Zoologist 23: 3546. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chase, W. G., & Simon, H. A. (1973a) The mind’s eye in chess. In: Visual information processing, ed. Chase, W. G.. Academic Press. [JDS]Google Scholar
(1973b) Perception in chess. Cognitive Psychology 4: 5581. [JDS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, J. E. (1962) Information theory and music. Behavioral Science 7(2): 137–63. [JDS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colwell, R. K., & Fuentes, E. R. (1975) Experimental studies on the niche. Annual Review of Ecology and systematics 6: 281310. [SNS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, J. M. (1982) Aristotle on natural teleology. In: Language and logos, ed. Schofield, M. & Nussbaum, M. C.. Cambridge University Press. [AS]Google Scholar
Crozier, J. B. (1974) Verbal and exploratory responses to sound sequences varying in uncertainty level. In: Studies in the new experimental aesthetics, ed. Berlyne, D. E.. Hemisphere. [JDS]Google Scholar
Csányi, V. (1985) Autogenesis: Evolution of selforganizing systems. In: Dynamics of macrosystems, ed. Aubin, J.-P., Saari, D. & Sigmund, K.. Proceedings, Laxenburg, Austria 1984. Springer-Verlag. [VC]Google Scholar
(1987) The replicative model of evolution: A general theory. World Futures 23: 3165. [VC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1988) Contribution of the genetical and neural memory to animal intelligence. In: Intelligence and evolutionary biology, ed. Jerison, H. & Jerison, Irene. Springer-Verlag. [VC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1989) Evolutionary systems and society: A general theory. Duke University Press. [aJS, VC]Google Scholar
Csányi, V. & Kampis, G. (1985) Autogenesis: Evolution of replicative systems. Journal of Theoretical Biology 114: 303–21. [VC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1987) Modelling society: Dynamical replicative systems. Cybernetics and Systems 18: 233–49. [VC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Damuth, J. (1985) Selection among species: A reformulation in terms of natural functional units. Evolution 39: 1132–46. [SNS]Google Scholar
Danchin, A. (1980) A critical not e on the use of the term “phenocopy.” In: Language and learning: The debate between Jean Piaget and Noam Chomsky, ed. Piattelli-Palmarini, M.. Harvard University Press. [rJS]Google Scholar
Davis, L., ed. (1987) Genetic algorithms and simulated annealing. Pitman. [GWS]Google Scholar
Dawkins, R. (1976) The selfish gene. Oxford University Press. [aJS, FJO-S]Google Scholar
(1982) The extended phenotype. W. H. Freeman. [aJS]Google Scholar
(1986) The blind watchmaker. W. W. Norton. [aJS]Google Scholar
de Groot, A. D. (1965) Thought and choice in chess. Mouton. [JDS]Google Scholar
(1966) Perception and memory versus thought: Some old ideas and recent findings. In: Problem solving: Research, method, and theory, ed. Kleinmuntz, B.. Wiley. [JDS]Google Scholar
Delbruck, M. (1976) How Aristotle discovered DNA. In: Physics and our world, ed. Huang, K.. American Institute of Physics. [AS]Google Scholar
Dennett, D. C. (1975) Why the law of effect will not go away. Journal of the Theory of Social Behavior 5: 169–87. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1987a) A route to intelligence: Oversimplify and self-monitor. In: Can intelligence be explained?, ed. Khalfa, J.. Oxford University Press. [aJS]Google Scholar
(1987b) The intentional stance. MIT Press/Bradford Books. [aJS, DCD]Google Scholar
Derrickson, K. C. (1988) Variation in repertoire presentation in Northern Mockingbirds. Condor 90: 592606. [KCD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dietterich, T. G., & Michalski, R. S. (1984) A comparative review of selected methods for learning from examples. In: Machine learning: An artificial intelligence approach, vol. 1, ed. Michalski, R. S., Carbonneil, J. G. & Mitchell, T. M.. Kaufman. [DL]Google Scholar
Dunbar, M. Y. (1972) The ecosystem as a unit of natural selection. In: Growth by intussusception: Ecological essays in honor of G. Evelyn Hutchinson, ed. Deevey, E. S.. Transactions of the Academy 44:114–30. Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. [VC]Google Scholar
Edelman, G. M. (1987) Neural Darwinism: The theory of neuronal group selection. Basic Books. [SNS]Google Scholar
Eldredge, N. (1984) Individuals, hierarchies, and processes. Toward a more complete evolutionary theory. Paleobiology 10(2): 146–71. [aJS]Google Scholar
(1985a) Time frames: The rethinking of Darwinian evolution and the theory of punctuated equilibria. Simon & Schuster. [aJS]Google Scholar
(1985b) Unfinished synthesis: Biological hierarchies and modern evolutionary thought. Oxford University Press. [aJS, PC, MTG, SNS]Google Scholar
Eldredge, N. & Cracraft, J. (1980) Phylogenetic patterns and the evolutionary process: Method and theory in comparative biology. Columbia University Press. [SNS]Google Scholar
Fodor, J. A. (1975) The language of thought. Crowell. [DL]Google Scholar
(1983) The modularity of mind: An essay on faculty psychology. MIT Press. [aJS]Google Scholar
Franks, N. R. (1989) Army ants: A collective intelligence. American Scientist 77: 2139. [GWS]Google Scholar
Futuyma, D. J., & Slatkin, M., eds. (1983) Coevolution. Sinauer. [FJO-S]Google Scholar
Georgopoulos, A. P., Schwartz, A. B. & Kettner, R. E. (1986) Neuronal population coding of movement direction. Science 233: 1416–19. [GWS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Georgopoulos, A. P., Lurito, J. T., Petrides, M., Schwartz, A. B. & Massey, J. T. (1989) Mental rotation of the neuronal population vector. Science 243: 234–6. [GWS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ghiselin, M. T. (1969) The triumph of the Darwinian method. University of California Press. [MTG]Google Scholar
(1971) The individual in the Darwinian revolution. New Lit. Hist. 3: 113–34. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1974a) The economy of nature and the evolution of sex. University of California Press. [MTG]Google Scholar
(1974b) A radical solution to the species problem. Syst. Zool. 23: 536–44. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1981) Categories, life, and thinking. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4: 269–83. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldberg, D. E. (1989) Genetic algorithms. Addison-Wesley. [GWS, BHS]Google Scholar
Goodwin, B. G. (1972) Biology and meaning. In: Towards a theoretical biology, ed. Waddington, C. H.. Aldine-Atherton. [AS]Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. (1980) The evolutionary biology of constraint. Daedelus 109: 3952. [aJS]Google Scholar
(1982) Darwinism and the expansion of evolutionary theory. Science 216: 380–87. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenberg, R. (1983) The role of neophobia in foraging specialization of some migrant warblers. American Naturalist 122: 444–53. [KCD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grene, M. (1987) Hierarchie s in biology. American Scientist 75: 504610. [aJS]Google Scholar
Gruber, H. E. (1974) Darwin on Man: A psychological study of scientific creativity. Wildwood House.Google Scholar
Harlow, H. (1949) The formation of learning sets. Psychological Review 56: 5165. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamburger, V. & Oppenheim, R. W. (1982) Naturally occurring neuronal death in vertebrates. Neuroscience Commentary 1: 3955. [aJS]Google Scholar
Hernstein, R. J., & Vaughan, W. (1980) Melioration and behavioral allocation. In: Limits to action: The allocation of individual behavior, ed. Staddon, J. E. R.. Academic Press. [aJS]Google Scholar
Hinton, G. E., & Nowlan, S. J. (1987) How learnin g can guide evolution. Complex Systems 1: 495502. Technical Report CMU-CS-86-128, Carnegie-Mellon University. [aJS]Google Scholar
Ho, M. W., & Saunders, P. T. (1979) Beyond neo-Darwinism: An epi-genetic approach to evolution. Journal of Theoretical Biology 78: 573–91. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1982) The epigenetic approach to the evolution of organisms - with notes on its relevance to social and cultural evolution. In: Learning, development, and culture, ed. Plotldn, H. C.. John Wiley. [aJS]Google Scholar
Holland, J. (1975) Adaptation in natural and artificial systems. University of Michigan Press. [aJS, GWS, BHS]Google Scholar
(1986) Escaping brittleness: The possibilities of general-purpose learning algorithms applied to parallel rule-based systems. In: Machine learning: An artificial intelligence approach, vol. 2, ed. Michalski, R. S., Carbonell, J. G. & Mitchell, T. M.. Morgan Kauftnann. [GWS]Google Scholar
Holland, J. H., Holyoak, K. J., Nisbett, R. E. & Thagard, P. R. (1986) Induction - Processes of inference, learning, and discovery. MIT Press. [DL]Google Scholar
Howe, M. J. A. (1988a) Intelligence as an explanation. British Journal of Psychology 79: 349–60. [PAR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1988b) The hazards of using correlation evidence as a means of identifying the causes of individual differences: A rejoinder to Sternberg and a reply to Miles. British Journal of Psychology 79: 539–45. [PAR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hull, D. L. (1980) Individuality and selection. Annual Review of Ecology and systematics 11: 311–22. [aJS, PC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunkapiller, T., Huang, H., Hood, L. & Campbell, J. H. (1982) The impact of modern genetics on evolutionary theory. In: Perspectives on evolution, ed. Milkman, R.. Sinauer. [aJS]Google Scholar
James, F. C, Johnston, R. F., Warner, N. O., Niemi, G. J. & Boecklen, W. J. (1984) The Grinnellian niche of the wood thrush. American Naturalist 124: 1747. [SNS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, W. (1880) Great men, great thoughts, and the environment. Atlantic Monthly 46: 441–59. [aJS]Google Scholar
Jennings, H. S. (1906) The behavior of the lower organisms. Columbia University Press. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, M. (1987) Review of “The ontogeny of information: Developmental systems and evolution” by Susan Oyama. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 39A: 819–21. [MJ]Google Scholar
Kampis, G. (1987a) Some problems of system descriptions. I. Function. International Journal of General Systems 13: 143–56. [VC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1987b) Some problems of system descriptions. II. Information. International Journal of General Systems 13: 157–71. [VC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1957) An introduction to genetic statistics. John Wiley. Reprinted (1969) The Iowa State University Press. [OK]Google Scholar
(1978) Logical, epistemological, and statistical aspects of nature-nurture data interpretation. Biometrics 34: 123. [OK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohler, W. (1917/1976) The mentality of apes. Liveright. [JWK]Google Scholar
Kollar, E. J., & Fisher, C. (1980) Tooth induction in chick epithelium: Expression of quiescent genes for enamel synthesis. Science 207: 993–95. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Komisaruk, B. (1977) The role of rhythmical brain activity in sensorimotor integration. In: Progress in Psychobiology and physiological psychology, ed. Sprague, J. M. & Epstein, A. N.. Academic Press. [aJS]Google Scholar
Krebs, J. R., & Dawkins, R. (1984) animal signals: Mind-reading and manipulation. In: Behavioural ecology: An evolutionary approach, ed. Krebs, J. R. & Davies, N. B.. Blackwell Scientific Publishers. [KCD]Google Scholar
Krumhansl, C. L., & Castellano, M. A. (1983) Dynamic processes in music and perception. Memory and Cognition 11(4):325–34. [JDS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kummer, H. (1971) Primate societies: Group techniques of ecological adaptation. Aldine. [GWS]Google Scholar
Lakatos, I. (1979) The methodology of scientific research programmes, vol. 1, Philosophical papers, ed. Worrall, J. & Currie, G.. Cambridge University Press. [PC]Google Scholar
Lamarck, J. (1809) Philosophie zoologique, 2 vols. English translation (1984): Zoological philosophy: An exposition with regard to the natural history of animals. University of Chicago Press. [aJS]Google Scholar
Langley, P., Simon, H. A., Bradshaw, G. L. & Zytkow, J. M. (1987) Scientific discovery: Computational explorations of the creative processes. MIT Press. [DL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laszlo, E. (1987) Evolution: The new paradigm. World Futures: The Journal of General Evolution 23(3): 151–60. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leiser, D. (1987) The changing relations of representation and cognitive structure during the development of a cognitive map. New Ideas in Psychology 5: 95110. [DL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1989) Theorizing by pronouncement: A revie w of “Induction - Processes of inference, learning, and discovery” by Holland, Holyoak, Nisbet & Thagard. Journal of Mind and Behavior 4. [DL]Google Scholar
Lewis, C. (1987) Composition of productions. In: Production system models of learning and development, ed. Klahr, D., Langley, P. & Neeches, R.. MIT Press. [DL]Google Scholar
Lewontin, R. C. (1982) Organism and environment. In: Learning, development and culture, ed. Plotkin, H.. John Wiley. [MP-P]Google Scholar
(1983) Gene, organism and environment. In: Evolution from molecules to men, ed. Bendall, D. S.. Cambridge Press. [FJO-S]Google Scholar
(1983) The organism as the subject and object of evolution. Scientia 118: 6382. [MP-P]Google Scholar
Lipton, P. & Thompson, N. S. (1988) Comparative psychology and the recursive structure of filter explanations. International Journal of Comparative Psychology, vol. 1, 4:215–29. [NST]Google Scholar
Lloyd, E. A. (1988) The structure and confirmation of evolutionary theory. Greenwood Press. [EAL]Google Scholar
Lovelock, J. E. (1979) Gaia. Oxford University Press. [KS]Google Scholar
(1988) The ages of Gaia. Oxford University Press. [aJS, FJO-S]Google Scholar
Mackintosh, N. J. (1988) Approaches to the study of animal intelligence. British Journal of Psychology 79: 509–25. [PAR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macphail, E. M. (1987) The comparative psychology of intelligence. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10: 645–95. [JWK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margulis, L. (1982) Symbiosis in cell evolution. Freeman. [FJO-S]Google Scholar
Marler, P. (1961) The logical analysis of animal communication. Journal of Theoretical Biology 1: 295317. [KCD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maynard Smith, J. (1978) The evolution of sex. Cambridge University Press. [aJS]Google Scholar
Maynard Smith, J., Burian, R., Kauffiman, S., Alberch, P., Campbell, J., Goodwin, G., Lande, R., Raup, D. & Wolpert, L. (1985) Developmental constraints and evolution. Quarterly Review of Biology 60: 265–87. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayr, E. (1974) Behavior programs and evolutionary strategies. American Scientist 62: 650–59. [aJS]Google ScholarPubMed
(1988) The growth of biological thought: Diversity, evolution and inheritance. Harvard University Press. [rJS]Google Scholar
McClelland, J. L., Rumelhart, D. E. & the PDP Research Group (1986) Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition. MIT Press. [aJS]Google Scholar
Meyer, L. B. (1967) Music, the arts, and ideas: Patterns and predictions in twentieth-century culture. University of Chicago Press. [JDS]Google Scholar
Michod, R. E., & Levin, G., ed. (1988) The evolution of sex: An examination of current ideas. Sinauer Associates. [MTG]Google Scholar
Milkman, R., ed. (1982) Perspectives on evolution. Sinauer. [aJS]Google Scholar
Minsky, M. (1986) Societies of mind. Simon & Schuster. [aJS]Google Scholar
Mitter, C. & Brooks, D. R. (1983) Phylogenetic aspects of coevolution. In: Coevolution, ed. Futuyma, D. J. & Slatkin, M.. Sinauer. [SNS]Google Scholar
Morgan, L. (1896) On modification and variation. Science 4: 733–40. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Newell, A. & Simon, H. A. (1976) Computer science as empirical inquiry: Symbols and search. Communications of the ACM 19: 113–26. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nussbaum, M. C. (1978) Aristotle’s De motu animalium. Princeton University Press. [AS]Google Scholar
Odling-Smee, F. J. (1988) Niche constructing phenotypes. In: The role of behavior in evolution, ed. Plotkin, H. C.. MIT Press. [FJO-S]Google Scholar
Odling-Smee, F. J., & Plotkin, H. C. (1984) Evolution: Its levels and its units. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7: 318–20. [FJO-S]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oyama, S. (1986) The Ontogeny of information. Cambridge University Press. [MJ]Google Scholar
Pachner, A. R. (1989) Lyme disease. Trends in Neurosciences 12: 177–81. [WAM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paley, W. (1802) Natural theology: Or evidences of the existence and attributes of the Deity collected from the appearances of nature. R. Faulder. [aJS]Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1974) Adaptation vitale et psychologie de l’intelligence: Sélection organique et phénocopie. Hermann. [DL]Google Scholar
(1978) Behavior and evolution. Pantheon. [aJS]Google Scholar
Piaget, J. & Garcia, R. (1983) Psychogenèse et histoire des sciences. Flammarion. [DL]Google Scholar
Piattelli-Palmarini, M., ed. (1980) Language and learning: The debate between Jean Piaget and Noam Chomsky. Harvard University Press. [MP-P]Google Scholar
(1989) Evolution, selection and cognition: From “learning” to parameter setting in biology and in the study of language. Cognition 31: 144. [MP-P]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinker, S. (1984) Language learnability and language development. Harvard University Press. [DL]Google Scholar
Pinker, S. & Prince, A. (1988) On language and connectionism: Analysis of a parallel distributed processing model of language acquisition. Cognition 28: 73193. [DL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pittendrigh, C. S. (1958) Adaptation, natural selection and behavior. In: Behavior and evolution, ed. Roe, A. & Simpson, G. G.. Yale University Press. [NST]Google Scholar
Plotkin, H. C, ed. (1988a) The role of behavior in evolution. MIT Press. [aJS]Google Scholar
(1988b) Learning and evolution. In: The role of behavior in evolution, ed. Plotkin, H. C.. MIT Press. [aJS]Google Scholar
Plotkin, H. C., & Odling-Smee, F. J. (1981) A multiple-leve l model of evolution and its implications for sociobiology. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4: 225–68. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poulton, E. B. (1897) Letter on Baldwin Effect. Science 6: 585–87. [aJS]Google Scholar
Powers, W. R. (1973) Behavior: The control of perception. Aldine. [aJS]Google Scholar
Pringle, J. W. S. (1951) On the parallel between learning and evolution. Behaviour 3: 174214. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Provine, W. B. (1986) Sewall Wright and evolutionary biology. University of Chicago Press. [aJS]Google Scholar
Putnam, H. (1981) Reason, truth and history. Cambridge University Press. [PC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1987) The many faces of realism. Open Court. [PC]Google Scholar
Rachlin, H. (1976) Modern behaviorism. W. H. Freeman. [rJS]Google Scholar
Rapoport, E. H. (1982) Areography: Geographical strategies of species. Pergamon. [SNS]Google Scholar
Reidl, R. (1977) Systems-analytical approach to macro-evolutionary phenomena. Quarterly Review of Biology 52: 351–70. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rensch, B. (1973) Gedachtnis Begriffshildung und Planhandlungen bei Tieren. Verlag Paul Parey. [JWK]Google Scholar
Richards, R. (1987) Darwin and the emergence of evolutionary theories of mind and behavior. University of Chicago Press. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, D. N. (in press) The psychology of Aristotle. Columbia University Press. [AS]Google Scholar
Rosner, B. S., & Meyer, L. B. (1983) Melodic processes and the perception of music. In: The psychology of music, ed. Deutsch, D.. Academic Press. [JDS]Google Scholar
Rossler, O. E. (1979) Recursive evolution. Biosystems 11: 193–99. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rozin, P. (1976) The evolution of intelligence and access to the cognitive unconscious. In: Progress in psychobiology and physiological psychology, ed. J. A. Sprague & A. N. Epstein. [aJS]Google Scholar
Rozin, P. & Kalat, J. (1971) Specific hungers and poison avoidance as adaptive specializations of learning. Psychological Review 78: 459–86. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rozin, P. & Schull, J. (1988) The adaptive-evolutionary point of view in experimental psychology. In: Handbook of experimental psychology, ed. Atkinson, R., Hernstein, R. J., Lindsey, G. & Luce, R. D.. John Wiley. [aJS]Google Scholar
Rychlak, J. F. (1987) Can the strength of past associations account for the direction of thought? The Journal of Mind and Behavior 8: 185–94. [AS]Google Scholar
Salthe, S. N. (1985) Evolving hierarchical systems: Their structure and representation. Columbia University Press. [aJS, SNS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schull, J. (1979) A conditioned opponent theory of Pavlovian conditioning and habituation. In: The psychology of learning and motivation, vol. 13, ed. Bower, G.. Academic Press. [aJS]Google Scholar
(1988) Intelligence an d mind in evolution. World Futures 23: 4263. [aJS]Google Scholar
(1990) Evolution and learning: Analogies and interactions. In: The evolutionary paradigm, ed. Laszlo, E.. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers. [aJS]Google Scholar
(in preparation a) William James and the nature of selection. [aJS]Google Scholar
(in preparation b) Lamarck as biopsychologist. [aJS]Google Scholar
Searle, J. R. (1980) Minds, brains, and programs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3: 417–58. [aJS, PC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sebeok, T. A. (1962) Coding in the evolution of signaling behavior. Behavioral Science 7: 430–42. [KCD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1965) Animal communication. Science 147: 1006–14. [KCD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seligman, M. E. P., & Hager, J. L., eds. (1972) Biological boundaries of learning. Appleton Century Crofts. [aJS]Google Scholar
Shaw, G. B. (1959) Man and superman. Bantam Books. [WAM]Google Scholar
Shettleworth, S. (1972) Constraints on learning. In: Advances in the study of behavior, vol. 4, ed. Hinde, R. A. & Shaw, E.. Academic Press. [aJS]Google Scholar
Silverstein, A. (1988) An Aristotelian resolution of th e idiographic versus monothetic tension. American Psychologist 43: 425–30. [AS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, H. A. (1967) The architecture of complexity. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 106: 467–82. [aJS]Google Scholar
Simon, H. A., & Gilmartin, K. (1973) A simulation of memory for chess positions. Cognitive Psychology 5: 2946. [JDS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simpson, G. G. (1953) The Baldwin effect. Evolution 7: 110–17. [EAL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slife, B. D. (1987) Can cognitive psychology account for metacognitive functions of mind? Journal of Mind and Behavior 8: 195208. [AS]Google Scholar
Smith, W. J. (1963) Vocal communication of information in birds. American Naturalist 97: 117–25. [KCD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1977) The behavior of communicating: An ethological approach. Harvard University Press. [KCD]Google Scholar
(1981) Referents of animal communication. Animal Behaviour 29: 1273–75. [KCD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smolensky, P. (1988a) The constituent structure of connectionist mental states - A reply to Fodor and Pylyshyn. Technical report CU-CS-394–88. Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado. [DL]Google Scholar
(1988b) On the proper treatment of connectionism. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11(1):174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sober, R. (1984) The nature of selection: Evolutionary theory in philosophical focus. Bradford Books/MIT Press. [DL]Google Scholar
Staddon, J. E. R., & Simmelhag, V. L. (1971) The “superstition” experiment: A reexamination of its implications for the principles of adaptive behavior. Psychological Review 78: 343. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanley, S. M. (1975) A theory of evolution above the species level. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 72: 646–50. [VC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1979) Macroevolution: Pattern and process. W. H. Freeman. [aJS]Google Scholar
Stearns, S. (1982) The role of development in the evolution of life-histories. In: Evolution and development, ed. Bonner, J. T.. Springer-Verlag. [aJS]Google Scholar
Sternberg, R. J. (1982) Reasoning, problem solving and intelligence. In: Handbook of human intelligence, ed. Sternberg, R. J.. Cambridge University Press. [PAR]Google Scholar
(1985) Beyond IQ: A triarchic theory of human intelligence. Cambridge University Press. [PAR]Google Scholar
Sumida, B. H. (1989) Models of decision making. Unpublished doctoral thesis. Oxford University Press. [BHS]Google Scholar
Sumida, B. H., Houston, A. I. H., McNamara, J. M. & Hamilton, W. D. (submitted) Genetic algorithms and evolution. [BHS]Google Scholar
Taylor, C. (1970) The explanation of purposive behavior. In: Explanation in the behavioral sciences, ed. Borger, R. & Cioffi, P.. Cambridge University Press. [AS]Google Scholar
Templeton, A. R. (1982) Adaptation and the integration of evolutionary forces. In: Perspectives on evolution, ed. Milkman, R.. Sinauer. [aJS]Google Scholar
Thompson, N. S. (1981) Toward a falsifiable theory of evolution. In: Perspectives in ethology, ed. Bateson, P. P. G. & Klopfer, P. H.. Plenum. [NST]Google Scholar
(1986) Ethology and the birth of comparative teleonomy. In: Relevance of models and theories of ethology, ed. Campan, R. & Zayan, R.. Privat, I. E. C. [NST]Google Scholar
(1987a) The misappropriation of teleonomy. In: Perspectives in ethology, ed. P. P. G. Bateson & P. H. Klopfer. 6:259–74. [NST]Google Scholar
(1987b) Natural design and the future of comparative psychology. Journal of Comparative Psychology 101, 3: 282–86. [NST]Google Scholar
Thorndike, E. L. (1899) The associative processes in animals. Biological lectures from the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole. Atheneum. [aJS]Google Scholar
Tierney, A. J. (1986) The evolution of learned and innate behavior: Contributions from genetics and neurobiology to a theory of behavioral evolution. Animal Learning ir Behavior 14: 339–48. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ullman, S. (1979) The interpretation of visual motion. MIT Press. [KS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vigotsky, L. S. (1934/1986) Thought and language, revised ed. MIT Press. [DL]Google Scholar
Waddington, C. (1953) Genetic assimilation of an acquired character. Evolution 10: 113. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1975) The evolution of an evolutionist. Cornell University Press. [aJS]Google Scholar
Wallace, I., Klahr, D. & Bluff, K. (1987) A self-modifying production system model of cognitive development. In: Production system models of learning and development, ed. Klahr, D., Langley, P. & Neeches, R.. MIT Press. [DL]Google Scholar
Whitehead, A. N. (1978) Process and reality, corrected edition, ed. Griffin, D. R. & Sherburne, D. W.. The Free Press. [PC]Google Scholar
Wiley, E. O. (1981) Phylogenetics: The theory and practice of phylogenetic systematics. Wiley. [SNS]Google Scholar
Williams, G. C. (1966) Adaptation and natural selection. Princeton University Press. [KS]Google Scholar
(1975) Sex and evolution. Princeton University Press. [aJS]Google Scholar
(1986) Evolution and adaptation: A critique of some current evolutionary thought. Princeton University Press. [MTG]Google Scholar
Williams, E. N. (1987) Can cognitive psychology offer a meaningful account of meaningful human action? Journal of Mind and Behavior 8: 209–22. [AS]Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. (1975) Sociobiology: The new synthesis. Harvard University Press. [aJS, AS]Google Scholar
Wright, S. (1932) The roles of mutation, inbreeding, crossbreeding and selection in evolution. Proceedings of the XI International Congress of Genetics 1: 356–66. [aJS, KCD, AS]Google Scholar
(1945) Tempo and mode in evolution: A critical review. Ecology 26: 415–19. [BHS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1977) Evolution and the genetics of populations. Vol. 4: Variability within and among natural populations. University of Chicago Press. [aJS]Google Scholar
(1982) Character change, speciation, and the higher taxa. Evolution 36: 427–43. [aJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wyles, J. S., Kunkel, J. G. & Wilson, A. C. (1983) Birds, behavior and anatomical evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 8: 4394–97. [aJS, KCD, FJO-S]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, R. M. (1976) Children’s sedation behavior - an artificial intelligence analysis of a Piagetian task. Birhauser. [DL]Google Scholar