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Effect of Oral Hygiene with 0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate on the Incidence of Nosocomial Pneumonia in Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Andréa D. N. Jácomo
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
Fabio Carmona
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
Alessandra K. Matsuno
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
Paulo H. Manso
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
Ana P. C. P. Carlotti*
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
*
Department of Pediatrics, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil (apcarlotti@fmrp.usp.br)

Abstract

Objective.

To evaluate the effect of oral hygiene with 0.12% Chlorhexidine gluconate on the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in children undergoing cardiac surgery.

Design.

Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Setting.

Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at a tertiary care hospital.

Patients.

One hundred sixty children undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease, randomized into 2 groups: Chlorhexidine (n = 87) and control (n = 73).

Interventions.

Oral hygiene with 0.12% Chlorhexidine gluconate or placebo preoperatively and twice a day postoperatively until PICU discharge or death.

Results.

Patients in experimental and control groups had similar ages (median, 12.2 vs 10.8 months; P = .72) and risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery 1 score distribution (66% in category 1 or 2 in both groups; P = .17). The incidence of nosocomial pneumonia was 29.8% versus 24.6% (P = .46) and the incidence of VAP was 18.3% versus 15% (P = .57) in the Chlorhexidine and the control group, respectively. There was no difference in intubation time (P = .34), need for reintubation (P = .37), time interval between hospitalization and nosocomial pneumonia diagnosis (P = .63), time interval between surgery and nosocomial pneumonia diagnosis (P = .10), and time on antibiotics (P = .77) and vasoactive drugs (P = .16) between groups. Median length of PICU stay (3 vs 4 days; P = .53), median length of hospital stay (12 vs 11 days; P = .67), and 28-day mortality (5.7% vs 6.8%; P = .77) were also similar in the Chlorhexidine and the control group.

Conclusions.

Oral hygiene with 0.12% Chlorhexidine gluconate did not reduce the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia and VAP in children undergoing cardiac surgery.

Trial Registration.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00829842.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2011

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