¹ Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics (hereafter NE), Book I, ch. 4, 1095a15–16.

² NE I 3, 1095a5–6; II 2, 1103b26–28.Google Scholar

³ NE I 7, 1098a12–20Google Scholar; cf. 10,1101a14–16; Aristotle, Eudemian Ethics (hereafter EE), Book II, ch. 1, 1219a.

⁴ NE II–VI.Google Scholar

⁵ NE VIII–IX.Google Scholar

⁶ NE VII 11–14; X 1–5.Google Scholar

⁷ NE I 4, 1095a17–20.Google Scholar

⁸ NE I 4, 1095a20–28.Google Scholar

⁹ NE X 8, 1178b8–9.Google Scholar

¹⁰ NE X 8, 1178b9–22Google Scholar; Aristotle, , Metaphysics, Book XII, chs. 7 and 9.Google Scholar

¹¹ The well-being of nonrational animals is not eudaimonia; see EE I 7, 1217a20–29Google Scholar; NE I 9, 1099b32–1100a1; X 8, 1178b25–28.Google Scholar

¹² See previous note; see also NE I 7, 1098a1–3.Google Scholar

¹³ NE I 7, 1097b6–11; IX 9, 1169b18–19.Google Scholar

¹⁴ Thus, Aristotle commonly uses “spoudaios” (literally: “serious”) to mean “morally good.”

¹⁵ NE II 1, 1103a18–26.Google Scholar

¹⁶ NE III 5, 1114a12–18.Google Scholar

¹⁷ See, e.g., Aristotle, , Generation of AnimalsGoogle Scholar, Book V, ch. 8, 788b21.

¹⁸ Genesis 8:21.

¹⁹ NE X 6–8Google Scholar; Metaphysics I 2Google Scholar; Protrepticus B 23–28 (Düring).Google Scholar

²⁰ NE X 7, 1177b31–34.Google Scholar

²¹ Mill, J. S., “Utilitarianism,” in Mill's Ethical Writings, ed. Schneewind, J. B. (New York: Macmillan, 1965), pp. 75–76.Google Scholar

²² It is not clear whether Mill in fact takes this to be the formal meaning of “summum bonum,” or whether he even considers the question of the formal meaning.

²³ This word and its clumsy adjectives are high-flown and sexist, but less misleading than the alternative, “politician” and its cognates.

²⁴ NE I 2, 1094a18–19.Google Scholar

²⁵ NE I 2, 1094a26–b11; I 13, 1102a5–10.Google Scholar

²⁶ NE I 2, 1094a22–24.Google Scholar

²⁷ Witness the title of Bentham's seminal An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789).Google Scholar Mill, too, addressed policymakers and individuals, without distinction.

²⁸ NE I 2, 1094b7–10.Google Scholar

²⁹ NE I 7, 1098a16–18.Google Scholar

³⁰ For a detailed interpretation, see Broadie, Sarah, Ethics with Aristotle (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), pp. 198–202.Google Scholar

³¹ NE II 2, 1104a1–10.Google Scholar

³² NE V 3–5.Google Scholar

³³ NE III 7, 1115b11–12; 8, 1116b2–3.Google Scholar

³⁴ NE IV 8.Google Scholar

³⁵ NE VI 13, 1145a4–6Google Scholar; cf. NE VI 12, 1144a6–9, 20–22, 31–36.Google Scholar

³⁶ NE II 4, 1105b9–18; X 9, 1179a36–b34.Google Scholar

³⁷ NE I 2, 1094a22–25.Google Scholar

³⁸ NE I 12, 1102a2–4Google Scholar; cf. NE I 4, 1095a26–28Google Scholar (reporting a position which Aristotle does not reject although he rejects the Platonist interpretation of it; see EE I 8, especially 1218b7–14).

³⁹ Cf. EE VIII 3, 1248b26ff.Google Scholar: “The good person is one for whom the natural goods are good.” For a fuller development of the theme, see Plato, , Euthydemus, 280b–282e.Google Scholar

⁴⁰ NE III 4, 1113a25–33.Google Scholar

⁴¹ It is to be emphasized that this is intended as an analysis of what is implied by judging another to be of a character such that one would not be him no matter what advantages (as usually understood) might be attached. It is a further question whether such an undiluted attitude exists or should exist, even in the “good person.”

⁴² NE I 6, 1096a23–33.Google Scholar

⁴³ This seems clear notwithstanding Richard Kraut, 's arguments to the contrary in his Aristotle on the Human Good (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989).Google Scholar

⁴⁴ NE I 10, 1100b22–1101a11.Google Scholar

⁴⁵ NE X 8, 1178a28–33.Google Scholar

⁴⁶ The example is from Lawrence, Gavin, “Nonaggregatability, Inclusiveness, and the Theory of Focal Value: Nicomachean Ethics I.7. 1097b16–20,” Phronesis, vol. 42, no. 1 (1997), pp. 32ff.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁴⁷ NE I 6, 1096b17–19Google Scholar; Metaphysics I 1, 980a20–28.Google Scholar

⁴⁸ NE X 7, 1177b4–12.Google Scholar

⁴⁹ See the previous note; see also Aristotle, , PoliticsGoogle Scholar, Book VII, ch. 14, 1333a30–b11, and Book VIII, ch. 3, 1337b29–1338a13.

⁵⁰ NE X 7Google Scholar, 1177b19–34; 8, 1178b21–23.