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Association of neuropsychiatric symptoms and sub-syndromes with cognitive impairment in community-dwelling Asian elderly

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 July 2015

Xin Xu ,
Seow Li Ang ,
Saima Hilal ,
Qun Lin Chan ,
Tien Yin Wong ,
Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian ,
Mohammad Kamran Ikram  and
Christopher Li-Hsian Chen
Xin Xu
Affiliation:
Memory Ageing and Cognition Centre (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Seow Li Ang
Affiliation:
Memory Ageing and Cognition Centre (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Saima Hilal
Affiliation:
Memory Ageing and Cognition Centre (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Qun Lin Chan
Affiliation:
Memory Ageing and Cognition Centre (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Tien Yin Wong
Affiliation:
Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore Academic Medicine Research Institute, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian
Affiliation:
Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore
Mohammad Kamran Ikram
Affiliation:
Memory Ageing and Cognition Centre (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore Academic Medicine Research Institute, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
Christopher Li-Hsian Chen*
Affiliation:
Memory Ageing and Cognition Centre (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Christopher Li-Hsian Chen, Department of Pharmacology, National University Health System, Clinical Research Centre, MD11, Level 5, #05-09, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore. Phone: +65 65155885; Fax: +65 68724101. Email: phccclh@nus.edu.sg.
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Abstract

Objectives:

To investigate the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and sub-syndromes in elderly community-dwelling Asians with varying severity of cognitive impairment.

Methods:

Chinese and Malay participants (n = 613) from the Epidemiology of Dementia in Singapore (EDIS) Study aged ≥ 60 years underwent clinical examination, neuropsychological testing, and NPS assessment using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Diagnosis of no cognitive impairment (NCI), cognitive impairment-no dementia (CIND), including CIND-mild and CIND-moderate, and dementia were made using established criteria.

Results:

A significant increase in the numbers of NPS was observed accompanying with increasing severity of cognitive impairment (p < 0.001). Compared to those with NCI/CIND-mild, participants with CIND-moderate [Odds ratio (OR): 4.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.8–10.0] or dementia [OR: 9.2, 95% CI: 2.3–36.0] were more likely to have two or more neuropsychiatric sub-syndromes. Participants with CIND-moderate were more likely to have hyperactivity [OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.0–3.8] and apathy [OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.0–8.4] sub-syndromes, whereas patients with dementia were more likely to have psychosis [OR: 6.9, 95% CI: 2.4–20.1], affective (OR: 8.7, 95% CI: 1.8–42.9), and hyperactivity (OR: 5.4, 95% CI: 1.8–16.1). Furthermore, executive dysfunction and visual memory impairment were associated with the presence of three neuropsychiatric sub-syndromes; whist language and visuomotor speed impairment were related to the presence of two sub-syndromes. By contrast, impairment in attention, verbal memory, and visuoconstruction were not associated with any of the sub-syndromes.

Conclusions:

The presence of NPS and sub-syndromes increase with increasing severities of cognitive impairment, and different neuropsychiatric syndromes are associated with specific impairment on cognitive domains in community-dwelling Asian elderly.

Keywords

neuropsychiatric symptomssub-syndromescommunity dwellingAsian
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 27 , Issue 11 , November 2015 , pp. 1839 - 1847
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2015 

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