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Development and preliminary evaluation of the anxiety in cognitive impairment and dementia (ACID) scales

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 July 2015

Lindsay A. Gerolimatos ,
Caroline M. Ciliberti ,
Jeffrey J. Gregg ,
Sarra Nazem ,
Patricia M. Bamonti ,
Casey E. Cavanagh  and
Barry A. Edelstein
Lindsay A. Gerolimatos*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
Caroline M. Ciliberti
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
Jeffrey J. Gregg
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
Sarra Nazem
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
Patricia M. Bamonti
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
Casey E. Cavanagh
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
Barry A. Edelstein
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Lindsay Gerolimatos, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, 940 Belmont Street (35 C), 02301, Brockton, MA, USA. Phone: +774-826-2501; Fax: +774-826-2580. Email: lgerolim@mix.wvu.edu.
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Abstract

Background:

Although rates of anxiety tend to decrease across late life, rates of anxiety increase among a subset of older adults, those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Our understanding of anxiety in dementia is limited, in part, by a lack of anxiety measures designed for use with this population. This study sought to address limitations of the literature by developing a new measure of anxiety for cognitively impaired individuals, the anxiety in cognitive impairment and dementia (ACID) Scales, which includes both proxy (ACID-PR) and self-report (ACID-SR) versions.

Methods:

The ACID-SR and ACID-PR were administered to 45 residents, aged 60 years and older, of three long-term care (LTC) facilities, and 38 professional caregivers at these facilities. Other measures of anxiety, and measures of depression, functional ability, cognition, and general physical and mental health were also administered.

Results:

Initial evaluation of its psychometric properties revealed adequate to good internal consistency for the ACID-PR and ACID-SR. Evidence for convergent validity of measures obtained with the ACID-SR and ACID-PR was demonstrated by moderate-to-strong associations with measures of worry, depressive symptoms, and general mental health. Discriminant validity of measures obtained with the ACID-SR and ACID-PR was demonstrated by weak correlations with measures of cognition, functional ability, and general physical well-being.

Conclusions:

The preliminary results suggest that the ACID-SR and ACID-PR can obtain reliable and valid measures of anxiety among individuals with cognitive impairment. Given the subjective nature of anxiety, it may be prudent to collect self-report of anxiety symptoms even among those with moderate cognitive impairment.

Keywords

clinical assessmentlong-term careanxietydementiaaging
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 27 , Issue 11 , November 2015 , pp. 1825 - 1838
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2015 

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