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Evolutionary and Applied Aspects of the Behavioural Ecology of the Stemborer Parasitoid Cotesia Flavipes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Roel P. J. Potting
Roel P. J. Potting
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Wageningen Agricultural University, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract

Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a braconid larval parasitoid that has been used in the biological control of tropical stemborers in gramineous plants. The current research status on the behavioural ecology of this parasitoid is reviewed. The stimuli involved in the location of the host-microhabitat and the behaviour on infested plants and inside stemborer tunnels are discussed. Several aspects of the host foraging behaviour on C. flavipes are discussed in relation to the ecology of the parasitoid, such as the role of learning in foraging and clutch size allocation decisions. Variation in behaviour can be an obstacle in the effective use of natural enemies in biological control. Behavioural variation may exist because individuals differ genetically in their propensity to find or accept different hosts. Individuals may also differ because they have experienced different environments (i.e. learning). The second part of this paper focuses on the intraspecific variability in G flavipes behaviour and discusses to what extent the reported plant and host specificity in C. flavipes has a genetic basis or is due to phenotypic plasticity through learning.

Résumé

Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) est un braconidé parasitoïde du stade larvaire qui a été utilisé en lutte biologique contre des foreurs de tiges tropicaux dans les graminées. l'état de recherche actuel sur l'écologie du comportement de ce parasitoïde est revu. Les stimulants en cause dans la localisation du microhabitat de l'hôte et le comportement des plantes infestées et à l'intérieur des galeries du foreur ont été discutés. Plusieurs aspects du comportement de C. flavipes fourrageant pour l'hôte ont été discutés en relation avec l'écologie du parasitoïde, par exemple l'apprentissage en fourage et les décisions quant à la taille de la couvée. La variation dans le comportement peut être un obstacle à l'utilisation effective des ennemis naturels en lutte biologique. La variation du comportement pourrait exister du fait que des individus diffèrent génétiquement dans leur prédisposition à trouver ou accepter différents hôtes. Deuxièmement, des individus pourraient aussi différer du fait qu'ils ont évolué dans des environnements différents (c.à.d. apprentissage). La deuxième partie de cette publication se concentre sur la variabilité intraspécifique dans le comportement de C. flavipes et discute à quel point la specificité rapportée de C. flavipes vis-à-vis de la plante et de l'hôte a une base génétique ou si elle est due à la plasticité du phénotype acquise à travers l'apprentissage.

Keywords

reviewbehaviourecologyparasitoidCotesiaforaginglearningsuperparasitismstrainsbiological controlrevuecomportementécologieparasitoïdeCotesiafourrageapprentissagesuperparasitismebiotypeslutte biologique
Type
Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 17 , Special Issue 1: Ecology and Management of Tropical Gramineous Stemborers , March 1997 , pp. 109 - 118
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1997

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