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The emerging concept of humanitarian diplomacy: identification of a community of practice and prospects for international recognition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 September 2012

Abstract

In recent years the term ‘humanitarian diplomacy’ has become fashionable among humanitarian organizations in general, and within the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement in particular. However, the very idea of ‘humanitarian diplomacy’ is not uncontroversial, owing to the imprecise and contested nature of the term, and to its unclear operational application. The present article proposes to explore the definitions and scope of action of humanitarian diplomacy, as well as some of the challenges that it faces, with a view to preparing the way for its eventual recognition by the international community.

Type
Changing Actors and Evolving Practice
Copyright
Copyright © International Committee of the Red Cross 2012

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References

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6 For a review of classical and new tools of international diplomacy, see the website and various activities of the Diplo Foundation towards more inclusive and effective diplomacy, available at: http://www.diplomacy.edu (last visited 21 July 2012).

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23 See, for example, Article 3 common to the four Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 or Article 70(1) of Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and relating to the protection of victims of international armed conflicts of 8 June 1977 (Additional Protocol I).

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38 An example of a national coalition is the Canadian Humanitarian Coalition, grouping Oxfam Canada, Oxfam Québec, Care, and Save the Children. The Tsunami Evaluation Coalition (TEC) platform was set up in London in 2005–2006 to enhance collaborations among major NGOs conducting recovery projects in the wake of the Indian Ocean tsunami.

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42 See, for instance, Modirzadeh, Naz K., Lewis, Dustin A., and Bruderlein, Claude, ‘Humanitarian engagement under counter-terrorism: a conflict of norms and the emerging policy landscape’, in International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 93, No. 883, September 2011, pp. 623647CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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49 Bruno Pommier, ‘The use of force to protect civilians and humanitarian actions: the case of Libya and beyond’, in this edition.

50 See, for instance, the Montreux document on private military and security companies (PMSCs), which summarizes the legal framework that has a bearing on PMSCs in times of armed conflict, available at: http://www.eda.admin.ch/psc; and the more recent International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers (ICoC), available at: http://www.icoc-psp.org/ (both last visited December 2011).

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54 See, for instance, Terry, Fiona, ‘The International Committee of the Red Cross in Afghanistan: reasserting the neutrality of humanitarian action’, in International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 93, No. 881, March 2011, pp. 173188CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

55 An example of the impact on humanitarian actors is Wikileaks and, for instance, the release of confidential ICRC negotiations.

56 See, for instance, the Sphere Project: http://www.sphereproject.org; or the different contributions of ALNAP, available at: http://www.alnap.org (both last visited December 2011).

57 International Association for Humanitarian Studies (IAHS), Professionals in Humanitarian Assistance and Protection (PHAP), Network on Humanitarian Assistance-International Association of Universities (NOHA), Enhancing Learning and Research for Humanitarian Assistance (ELRHA), Active Learning Network for Accountability and Performance in Humanitarian Action (ALNAP). See also: ELRHA, Professionalising the Humanitarian Sector: A Scoping Study, Boston and London, 2011Google Scholar, available at: http://www.elrha.org (last visited December 2011); Geneva Center for Education and Research in Humanitarian Action, Humanitarian Studies 2010: University Training and Education in Humanitarian Action, Geneva, 2010Google Scholar.

58 See, for example, the pilot initiatives in disaster management training set up by particularly innovative educational institutions such as BRAC University, Bangladesh, and the All India Disaster Management Institute, India.

59 A pilot training programme in humanitarian diplomacy and advocacy has been tested by the Geneva-based Diplo Foundation together with the IFRC during the first semester of 2012.

60 See Mani, Rama and Weiss, Thomas G. (eds), Responsibility to Protect: Cultural Perspectives in the Global South, Routledge, London, 2011Google Scholar. See also Veuthey, Michel, ‘Diplomatie humanitaire: préserver les chances de la diplomatie humanitaire au moment où elle est la plus nécessaire’, in La Revue Géopolitique, 2 October 2011, available at: http://www.diploweb.com/Diplomatie-humanitaire.html (last visited December 2011)Google Scholar.