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A General Factor of Personality From Multitrait–Multimethod Data and Cross–National Twins

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2012

J. Philippe Rushton ,
Trudy Ann Bons ,
Juko Ando ,
Yoon-Mi Hur ,
Paul Irwing ,
Philip A. Vernon ,
K. V. Petrides  and
Claudio Barbaranelli
J. Philippe Rushton*
Affiliation:
University of Western Ontario, London, Canada. rushton@uwo.ca
Trudy Ann Bons
Affiliation:
University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
Juko Ando
Affiliation:
Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
Yoon-Mi Hur
Affiliation:
Mokpo University, South Korea.
Paul Irwing
Affiliation:
University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
Philip A. Vernon
Affiliation:
University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
K. V. Petrides
Affiliation:
University College London, United Kingdom.
Claudio Barbaranelli
Affiliation:
Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
*
*Address for correspondence: J. Philippe Rushton, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.

Abstract

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In three studies, a General Factor of Personality (GFP) was found to occupy the apex of the hierarchical structure. In Study 1, a GFP emerged independent of method variance and accounted for 54% of the reliable variance in a multitrait–multimethod assessment of 391 Italian high school students that used self-, teacher-, and parent-ratings on the Big Five Questionnaire — Children. In Study 2, a GFP was found in the seven dimensions of Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory as well as the Big Five of the NEO PI-R, with the GFPtci correlating r = .72 with the GFPneo. These results indicate that the GFP is practically the same in both test batteries, and its existence does not depend on being extracted using the Big Five model. The GFP accounted for 22% of the total variance in these trait measures, which were assessed in 651 pairs of 14- to 30-year-old Japanese twins. In Study 3, a GFP accounted for 32% of the total variance in nine scales derived from the NEO PI-R, the Humor Styles Questionnaire, and the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire assessed in 386 pairs of 18- to 74-year-old Canadian and U.S. twins. The GFP was found to be 50% heritable with high scores indicating openness, conscientiousness, sociability, agreeableness, emotional stability, good humor and emotional intelligence. The possible evolutionary origins of the GFP are discussed.

Keywords

Big OneBig FiveTEIQueheritabilitygeneral factor of personality
Type
Articles
Information
Twin Research and Human Genetics , Volume 12 , Issue 4 , 01 August 2009 , pp. 356 - 365
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009