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Engineering of porous bacterial cellulose toward human fibroblasts ingrowth for tissue engineering

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Abstract

From the view of tissue engineering, the deficiency in porosity has impeded further application of bacterial cellulose (BC) as a super biomaterial. In this study, we used a combination method consisting of acetic acid treatment and freeze-drying operation to improve the porous profile of BC, as well as a simple and fast method to measure the thickness, density, and porosity of BC. Results have shown a significant improvement in the porosity of the inner structure of BC treated with acetic acid and freeze-drying. Microscopic observation by scanning electron microscopy exhibited explicit evidences that more orderly porous layer-by-layer structures and more pores were formed along the cross section of modified BC as compared with the control. The enhancement of mechanical properties and crystallinity of modified BC was also demonstrated due to the improvement of material porosity in the particular extent from 50.3 to 76.43%. Cell culture of human fibroblast cells exhibited good cell viability on modified BC, suggesting that a better porous profile of BC on the surface and cross section helps facilitate cells to attach, as well as potentially promotes cells to grow in. These significant results may open the possibility of producing BC nanomaterials for tissue engineering with desirable properties.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was supported by the Pennsylvania State University Material Research Institute Nano Fabrication Network and the National Science Foundation Cooperative agreement no. 0335765, National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, with Cornell University; the National Natural Science Foundation of China, no. 31370978; the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation no. S2013040014248; the Development of Strategic Emerging Industries of the Shenzhen Basic Research project no. JCYJ20130402113127522, no. JCYJ20120831180118537; the Shenzhen Peacock program no. 110811003586331.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China

    Yang Hu, Yongjun Zhu, Xin Zhou, Jinhui Wang & Nuanyi Liang

  2. Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering and Center for Nanocellulosics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA

    Yang Hu & Jeffrey M. Catchmark

  3. Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 79403, USA

    Yang Hu & Noureddine Abidi

Authors
  1. Yang Hu
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  2. Jeffrey M. Catchmark
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  3. Yongjun Zhu
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  4. Noureddine Abidi
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  5. Xin Zhou
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  6. Jinhui Wang
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  7. Nuanyi Liang
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Correspondence to Yang Hu.

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Hu, Y., Catchmark, J.M., Zhu, Y. et al. Engineering of porous bacterial cellulose toward human fibroblasts ingrowth for tissue engineering. Journal of Materials Research 29, 2682–2693 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2014.315

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2014.315

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