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Entropy and a generalisation of “Poincaré's Observation”

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 August 2003

OLIVER JOHNSON
Affiliation:
Statistical Laboratory, CMS, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, CB3 0WB. e-mail: otj1000@cam.ac.uk.

Abstract

Consider a sphere of radius $\sqrt{n}$ in $n$ dimensions, and consider $\vc{X}$, a random variable uniformly distributed on its surface. Poincaré's Observation states that for large $n$, the distribution of the first $k$ coordinates of $\vc{X}$ is close in total variation distance to the standard normal $N(\vc{0},I_k)$. In this paper we consider a larger family of manifolds, and $\vc{X}$ taking a more general distribution on the surfaces. We establish a bound in the stronger Kullback–Leibler sense of relative entropy, and discuss its sharpness, providing a necessary condition for convergence in this sense. We show how our results imply the equivalence of ensembles for a wider class of test functions than is standard. We also deduce results of de Finetti type, concerning a generalisation of the idea of orthogonal invariance.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
2003 Cambridge Philosophical Society

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